Methods of modulating the activity of the MC5 receptor and treatment of conditions related to this receptor

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) that are useful for modulating the biological activity of the melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R). Compounds of this invention can be used to treat diseases and/or conditions in which downregulation of MC5R is beneficial. Such diseases and/or conditions include, but are not limited to, acne, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, cancer, and inflammatory diseases.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/391,748, now allowed, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/032,912, filed on Feb. 29, 2008, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/032,894, filed on Feb. 29, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/032,898, filed on Feb. 29, 2008, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods of modulating the activity of the melanocortin-5 receptor. In particular the present invention relates to the use of a family of 1,4-diazepan-2-ones and derivatives thereof to modulate the activity of the melanocortin-5 receptor. The invention also relates to methods and uses of the compounds in the treatment of conditions in which antagonism of the melanocortin-5 receptor is beneficial.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the family of melanocortin receptors. There are five melanocortin receptors that have been isolated and cloned to date: MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R and MC5R. The melanocortin receptors participate in a variety of physiologic functions, providing a number of opportunities for therapeutic intervention in physiologic processes through alteration (i.e., a statistically significant increase or decrease) or modulation (e.g., up-regulation or down-regulation) of melanocortin receptor signalling activity.

Reviews of the melanocortin receptors, and their potential as targets for therapy have been published (Wikberg 2001; Bohm 2006). The melanocortin receptor family members are regulated by natural peptide agonists such as ACTH and the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-, β-, γ-MSH) derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and by peptide antagonists such as Agouti signal protein (ASP) and Agouti-related peptide (AGRP). The MC1R is widely expressed and is associated with pigmentation in melanocytes and with inflammation responses in many cells involved in the immune system. The MC2R differs from the other melanocortin receptors in that it binds only ACTH but not MSH ligands. It is highly expressed in the adenal gland and controls corticosteroid synthesis. The MC3R is found in the brain, but also elsewhere in the body, and appears to play a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and possibly sexual dysfunction. The MC4R is found almost exclusively in the brain, with some reports of its presence elsewhere. It has been strongly associated with feeding control, and also implicated with sexual desire. The MC5R is widely expressed in peripheral tissues, particularly in the exocrine glands, with some receptor also expressed in the brain. Given the breadth of activity associated with the melanocortin receptors it is desirable when seeking to target one of these receptors to do so selectively in order to avoid side effects associated with antagonism or agonism of another receptor in this family.

The MC5R has been cloned and expressed from multiple species, including humans in 1993 (though called MC2 in this paper) (Chhajlani 1993), rat in 1994 (Griffon 1994) mice in 1994 (Gantz 1994; Labbé1994) and in 1995 (Fathi 1995), canine (Houseknecht 2003), rhesus monkey (Huang 2000), sheep (Barrett 1994), zebrafish (Ringholm 2002), goldfish (Cerdá-Reverter 2003), spiny dogfish (Klovins 2004), rainbow trout (Haitina 2004), and chicken (Ling 2004), with the MC5R gene also identified in pig (Kim 2000). Patents covering the MC5R sequence in humans (Wikberg 2002), mice (Yamada 1997), rhesus monkey (Fong 2003) and dogs (Houseknecht 2003) have been published.

The MC5R has been implicated in regulating sebum secretion by a number of studies, as summarized in 2006 (Zhang 2006). Mice lacking MC5R have reduced sebum production, as evidenced by a marked inability to shed water from their fur, and a reduced quantity of sebum isolated from their hair. Significantly, these mice were otherwise generally healthy, with no readily visible abnormalities (appearance, behaviour, growth, muscle mass, adipose mass, reproduction, basal and stress-induced corticosterone, glucose and insulin levels) (Chen 1997). Further studies have identified reductions in pheromones, causing alterations in aggressive behaviours between mice (Caldwell 2002; Morgan 2004a; Morgan 2004b; Morgan 2006). Mice in which the POMC-derived peptide native ligands of MC5R have been knocked out show a similar phenotype (Yaswen 1999). Rats injected with α-MSH had 30-37% increased rates of sebum production, while removal of the neurointermediate lobe (the source of MSH) caused a 35% decrease in sebum secretion, which was restored upon administration of α-MSH (Thody 1973). A synergistic effect between α-MSH and testosterone was observed in rats, with testosterone increasing sebaceous gland and cell volumes (presumably via increased proliferation), α-MSH increasing dermal lipogenesis, and the combination increasing sebum secretion (Thody 1975a; Thody 1975b).

At a cellular level human sebocytes have been shown to express MC5R, via detection of MC5R transcripts in micro-dissected sebaceous glands (Thiboutot 2000), detection of MC5R in human facial sebaceous glands by immunostaining (Hatta 2001), detection of MC5R mRNA and MC5R in human sebaceous glands, cultured human sebocytes and rat preputial cells (Thiboutot 2000) and detection of MC5R as punctate particles within sebaceous glands by staining with polyclonal antibodies, seen in differentiated but not undifferentiated sebocytes (Zhang 2006). MC5R mRNA was also detected in sebaceous glands from the skin of wild-type mice, but not in skin sections of the MC5R-knockout mice (Chen 1997). Treatment of human sebocytes with cholera toxin (ChT), bovine pituitary extract (BPE), α-MSH or NDP-MSH increases lipid droplet formation, squalene synthesis, and MC5R expression (Zhang 2003; Zhang 2006), While both MC1R and MC5R have been detected in sebaceous cells, treatment of primary human sebocyte cell culture with NDP-MSH or BPE caused a substantial increase in human MC5R expression compared to serum-free conditions, correlating with sebocyte differentiation. Immortalized sebaceous cell lines (SZ-95, TSS-1 and SEB-1) also show MC5R expression (Jeong 2007; Smith 2007a; Phan 2007). These studies suggest that MC5R antagonists could be useful in reducing sebum secretion in mammals and hence in treating conditions associated with excess sebum secretion.

A family of 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives with MC5R antagonist activity (138-320 nM) were found to reduce sebum formation both in human sebocyte cell cultures and when applied topically to human skin grafted onto immunodeficient mice (Eisinger 2003a-d; 2006a,b).

Excessive sebum secretion, or seborrhoea, is a common affliction. Sebaceous glands occur over most of the body, with dense concentrations of large glands on the face, scalp and upper trunk (Simpson and Cunliffe p43.1). Sebaceous secretion is dependent in part on androgenic hormones, possibly partly mediated by 5α-reductase processing of testosterone to 5α-DHT (dihydrotestosterone). Sebum consists of a species-specific mixture of lipids. In humans this consists of approximately 58% glycerides, 26% wax esters, 12% squalene, and 4% cholesterol/cholesterol esters (Simpson and Cunliffe p43.5). The presence of squalene is almost exclusively characteristic of human sebum. The function of sebum is not well defined, but it is believed to have fungistatic properties, and play a role in moisture loss from, and water repellence of, the epidermis (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.6; Danby 2005; Porter 2001; Shuster 1976; Kligman 1963).

Excessive sebum secretion has been associated with the development of acne vulgaris. Acne vulgaris is a common disease affecting an estimated 80% of the world's population at some stage in their lives. A person is more likely to develop acne than any other disease, although the severity varies greatly (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.16). Acne peaks in prevalence and severity in adolescents aged 14-19 years old, with approximately 35-40% affected, but in a significant number of patients (7-24%) it persists beyond 25 years of age (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.15). Of patients treated for acne, one study found 80% still had symptoms at 30-40 years of age (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.16). While acne is not a life-threatening disease it can have a severe impact on a patient's quality of life (Follador 2006), with one study of severe acne patients showing similar impact as much more serious chronic medical conditions such as asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, back pain or arthritis (Mallon 1999).

Four major factors are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of acne: (i) increased sebum production (seborrhoea), (ii) hypercornification/blockage of the pilosebaceous duct (comedogenesis), (iii) infection of the duct with P. acnes, and (iv) inflammation of the pilosebaceous duct (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.15; Williams 2006). A number of studies have demonstrated a clear link between increased production of sebum, and the presence and severity of acne (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.17; Youn 2005; Pierard 1987; Harris 1983; Cotterill 1981; Thody 1975c; Pochi 1964). A 2007 study found a correlation between sebum excretion and development of acne in preadolescent children (Mourelatos 2007). Sebum is the main nutrient of P. acnes, thus reduction of sebum will reduce the subsequent bacterial infection and inflammation response.

Androgenic sex hormones appear to play a role in the development of acne, with strong correlations with sebum production (Makrantonaki 2007). Two oral contraceptive pills are approved by the FDA for the treatment of acne vulgaris (Harper 2005), and these compounds appear to act by reducing androgen mediated sebum formation. Diet (Cordain 2005; Smith 2007b), stress (Zouboulis 2004) and genetic factors (Goulden 1999; Bataille 2006) also may play a role in acne, again potentially via increased sebum production.

Current treatments for acne vulgaris focus predominantly on treating the infection and inflammation stages of the disease, with a large number of different formulations of topical antibiotics (e.g. benzoyl peroxide, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin) and retinoids (e.g. retinoic acid, isotretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene) in use, either alone or in combination; some of these also possess anti-inflammatory action (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.36-43.38). Many of these treatments are of limited efficacy, particularly for severe cases of acne. A growing problem is the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of P. acnes (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.37, 43.46; Williams 2006). Both topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide cause skin irritation, and retinoids can cause photosensitivity (Williams 2006). Oral therapies include isotretinoin, antibiotics, hormones, and steroids. In females, antiandrogens have been shown to reduce sebum production (by approximately 40-80%, though with no placebo control group) and improve acne (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.44; Burke 1984; Goodfellow 1984). Laser and UV-based therapies are gaining acceptance, and are believed to act through heating of the sebaceous gland followed by reduction in sebum formation; with reductions in both sebum formation and acne lesions measured (Jih 2006; Bhardwaj 2005). Of the many therapies available for acne, only oral isotretinoin and hormonal therapies act by regulating the sebaceous gland to reduce sebum secretion (Clarke 2007).

The most effective acne treatment, oral isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid, Roaccutane, Accutane) was introduced in 1983 and still remains the most clinically effective anti-acne therapy. It is the only known treatment with strong sebusuppressive activity, reducing sebum excretion by up to 90% after 8-12 weeks of therapy (60-70% by 2 weeks) (Simpson and Cunliffe p 43.47; Jones 1983; Goldstein 1982; King 1982). Topical retinoids, in contrast, have no effect on sebum production. Oral isotretinoin is also anti-inflammatory, reduces comedogenesis, and reduces P. acnes infection. The mechanism of action is still unclear, and metabolites of isotretinoin appear to play a significant role. Isotretinoin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human immortalized SEB-1 sebocyte cell culture (Nelson 2006). Unfortunately, oral isotretinoin has serious side effects; most significantly it is a teratogen and requires a registration program for use in the USA. The FDA has issued a warning against online purchases of isotretinoin. Blood testing for fasting lipids and liver function is also recommended during treatment (Williams 2006). Isotretinoin has been implicated (though not substantively) with adverse psychological effects, including suicide and depression (Marqueling 2005).

Other forms of acne, such as acne conglobata or acne fulminans, may also respond to a sebum-reducing agent. Seborrhoea, or excessive skin oil production, is often associated with severe acne. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a skin disease associated with sebum-rich areas of the scalp, face and trunk with scaly, flaky, itchy red skin affecting 3-5% of the population; dandruff represents a mild form of this dermatitis affecting 15-20% of the population. Seborrhoea and SD appear more common in patients with Parkinson's disease or mood disorders (facial paralysis, supraorbital injury, poliomyelitis, syringomyelia, quadriplegia, unilateral injury to the ganglion Gasser and those with HIV/AIDS) (Plewig 1999). Studies have shown that seborrheic dermatitis is also associated with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, hepatitis C virus and various cancers. It is also common in patients with genetic disorders, such as Down's syndrome, Hailey-Hailey disease and cardio-facio cutaneous syndrome (Gupta 2004). MC5R antagonists may be useful for treating these indications.

Although rare, a variety of tumours involving sebaceous glands or sebaceous cells have been described (e.g. Ide 1999; Mariappan 2004; Kruse 2003). Muir-Torre syndrome consists of sebaceous gland adenomas associated with an internal adenocarcinoma (usually colon, breast, ovary or prostate). Preventing sebaceous cell differentiation may provide an effective treatment for arresting tumour growth. Oral isotretinoin has been used for this purpose (Graefe 2000). Sebaceous hyperplasia is a benign hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands, generating yellowish small papules on the skin surface, usually the face. The disease is associated with excessive undifferentiated sebocyte proliferation, but not excessive sebum formation. Ectopic sebaceous glands (Fordyce spots) are similar yellow papules found in the mouth or on the penile shaft. Both respond to oral isotreinoin. A compound that reduced sebocyte proliferation could be an effective treatment.

α-MSH shows immunosuppressive effects in humans, suppressing a variety of inflammation responses, and the MC5R has been implicated in these immunomodulating activities. MC5R mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in human CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and in moderate levels in other human peripheral blood leukocytes (Andersen 2005). In mice, MC5R was detected in the lymphoid organs (Labbé, 1994), and MC5R was found on the surface of mouse pro-B-lymphocyte cells where it appears to mediate α-MSH activation of the JAK2 signalling pathway, enhancing cellular proliferation (Buggy 1998). Induction of CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T-cells by α-MSH also appears to be through MC5R (Taylor 2001).

For the reasons described above it would be desirable to provide MC5R antagonists that could be used in a number of therapeutic areas. Therapeutic regulation of biological signal transduction includes modulation of MC5R-mediated cellular events including, inter alia, inhibition or potentiation of interactions among MC5R-binding and activating or deactivating molecules, or of other agents that regulate MC5R activities. An increased ability to so regulate MC5R may facilitate the development of methods for modulating sebum secretion or other biological processes, and for treating conditions associated with such pathways such as acne as described above.

Accordingly there is still the need to develop improved methods of modulating the activity of MC5R which would facilitate the treatment of MC5R related conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method of down-regulating the activity of MC5R or a fragment, analogue or functional equivalent thereof comprising exposing the MC5R or a fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof to a compound of the formula (I):

wherein

Y is a group of formula —(CR⁹R¹⁰)_(n)—;

X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)—, —OC(═O)—, —NHC(═O)—, —(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s), and —S(═O)₂—;

R is an amino acid side chain group;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl;

R² and R³ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl;

each R^(5a) and R^(5b) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C₁-C₁₂alkyl, C₁-C₁₂hydroxyalkyl and C₁-C₁₂haloalkyl, or

one or more of R^(5a) and R^(5b) when taken together with one or more of R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ and the atoms to which they are attached form a moiety selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl;

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂ heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₀ heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted carboxy, C₁-C₁₂alkyloxy, and optionally substituted thio, or

(a) when taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached two or more of R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ form a moiety selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, or

(b) one or more of R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ when taken together with one or more of R^(5a) and R^(5b) and the atoms to which they are attached form a moiety selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl;

each R⁹ and R¹⁰ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl;

each R¹¹ and R¹² is independently selected from the group consisting of H, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl;

n is an integer selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3 and 4;

r is an integer selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4;

s is an integer selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In one embodiment the MC5R or fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof is in a cell and the method comprises exposing the cell to a compound of formula (I). In one embodiment the invention provides a method of down-regulating the activity of MC5R or fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof in a mammal comprising administering a MC5R-modulating amount of a compound of the invention to the mammal.

In yet a further aspect the invention provides the use of a compound of the formula (I) in down-regulating the activity of MC5R or a fragment, analogue or functional equivalent thereof.

In yet a further aspect the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) in the preparation of a medicament for down-regulating the activity of MC5R or fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof in a mammal.

In yet an even further aspect the invention provides a method of treating, preventing, or controlling a condition associated with the activity of MC5R or a fragment, analogue or functional equivalent thereof in a mammal the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I). The compound may be administered in any way known in the art although in one aspect the compound is administered topically. In another aspect the compound is administered orally. In another aspect the compound is administered parenterally. In one embodiment of the method the condition is selected from the group consisting of acne, seborrhoea, and seborrheic dermatitis. In one embodiment the condition is acne vulgaris. In one embodiment the compound of formula (I) is administered in combination with a second active agent. In one embodiment the second active agent is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, retinoids, anti-androgens, and steroids.

In yet an even further aspect the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) in the preparation of a medicament for treating, preventing, or controlling a condition associated with the activity of MC5R or a fragment, analogue or functional equivalent thereof in a mammal. In one aspect the medicament is adapted to be administered topically. In another aspect the medicament is adapted to be administered orally. In another aspect the compound is administered parenterally. In one embodiment of the method the condition is selected from the group consisting of acne, seborrhoea, and seborrheic dermatitis. In a specific embodiment of the invention the condition is acne vulgaris.

In yet an even further aspect the invention provides a method of reducing sebum secretion by a mammal the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) to the mammal. The compound of the invention may be administered in any way known in the art although in one aspect the compound is administered topically. In another aspect the compound is administered orally. In another aspect the compound is administered parenterally.

In yet an even further aspect the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) in the preparation of a medicament for reducing sebum secretion in a mammal. In one embodiment the medicament is adapted to be administered topically. In another embodiment the medicament is adapted to be administered orally. In another embodiment the compound is administered parenterally.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In this specification a number of terms are used which are well known to a skilled addressee. Nevertheless for the purposes of clarity a number of terms will be defined.

As used herein, the term “unsubstituted” means that there is no substituent or that the only substituents are hydrogen.

The term “optionally substituted” as used throughout the specification denotes that the group may or may not be further substituted or fused (so as to form a condensed polycyclic system), with one or more non-hydrogen substituent groups. In certain embodiments the substituent groups are one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, ═O, ═S, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, heterocycloalkylalkenyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, cycloalkylheteroalkyl, heterocycloalkylheteroalkyl, arylheteroalkyl, heteroarylheteroalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkyloxy, alkyloxyalkyl, alkyloxycycloalkyl, alkyloxyheterocycloalkyl, alkyloxyaryl, alkyloxyheteroaryl, alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkenyloxy, aryloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, amino, alkylamino, acylamino, aminoalkyl, arylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfinylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, sulfinyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, aminosulfinylaminoalkyl, —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)R^(a), —C(═O)OR^(a), C(═O)NR^(a)R^(b), C(═NOH)R^(a), C(═NR^(a))NR^(b)R^(c), NR^(a)R^(b), NR^(a)C(═O)R^(b), NR^(a)C(═O)OR^(b), NR^(a)C(═O)NR^(b)R^(c), NR^(a)C(═NR^(b))NR^(c)R^(d), NR^(a)SO₂R^(b), —SR^(a), SO₂NR^(a)R^(b), —OR^(a), OC(═O)NR^(a)R^(b), OC(═O)R^(a) and acyl,

wherein R^(a), R^(b), R^(c) and R^(d) are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₁-C₁₂ haloalkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₁-C₁₀ heteroalkyl, C₃-C₁₂ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₂ cycloalkenyl, C₁-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl, C₁-C₁₂ heterocycloalkenyl, C₆-C₁₈aryl, C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, and acyl, or any two or more of R^(a), R^(b), R^(c) and R^(d), when taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring system with 3 to 12 ring atoms.

In one embodiment each optional substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of: halogen, ═O, ═S, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkyloxy, alkyloxyalkyl, alkyloxyaryl, alkyloxyheteroaryl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkenyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, amino, alkylamino, acylamino, aminoalkyl, arylamino, sulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, aminoalkyl, —COOH, —SH, and acyl.

Examples of particularly suitable optional substituents include F, Cl, Br, I, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, OH, OCH₃, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, NH₂, and CN.

The term “amino acid side chain group” represents a natural or unnatural side chain group present in a protein. The term includes side chain moieties present in naturally occurring proteins including the naturally occurring amino acid side chain moieties identified in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Amino Acid Side Chain Moieties Amino Acid Side Chain Moiety Amino Acid H Glycine CH₃ Alanine CH(CH₃)₂ Valine CH₂CH(CH₃)₂ Leucine CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃ Isoleucine (CH₂)₄NH₃ ⁺ Lysine (CH₂)₃NHC(NH₂)NH₂₊ Arginine CH₂-(imidazol-4-yl) Histidine CH₂COO⁻ Aspartic Acid CH₂CH₂COO⁻ Glutamic acid CH₂CONH₂ Asparagine CH₂CH₂CONH₂ Glutamine CH₂Ph Phenylalanine CH₂C₆H₄OH Tyrosine CH₂(Indolin-3-yl) Tryptophan CH₂SH Cysteine CH₂CH₂SCH₃ Methionine CH₂OH Serine CH(OH)CH₃ Threonine

In addition to naturally occurring amino acid side chain groups as identified above the term also includes derivatives or analogs thereof. As used herein the term derivative or analogue of an amino acid side chain group includes modifications and variations to naturally occurring side chain groups. With reference to the table above most of the naturally occurring amino acid side chain groups may be classified as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or heteroalkyl moieties. As such derivatives of amino acid side chain groups include straight or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroalkyl moieties.

Amino acid side chain groups as discussed above also include optionally substituted derivatives of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, or heteroalkyl moieties. The optional substituents may be selected from the group defined above. For example, the optional substituents may be selected from but are not limited to OH, Cl, Br, F, COOH, COOR^(Z), CONH₂, NH₂, NHR^(Z), NR^(Z)R^(Z), SH, SR^(Z), SO₂R^(Z), SO₂H and SOR^(Z) wherein R^(Z) is an alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl moiety.

In the definitions of a number of substituents below it is stated that “the group may be a terminal group or a bridging group”. This is intended to signify that the use of the term is intended to encompass the situation where the group is a linker between two other portions of the molecule as well as where it is a terminal moiety. Using the term alkyl as an example, some publications would use the term “alkylene” for a bridging group and hence in these other publications there is a distinction between the terms “alkyl” (terminal group) and “alkylene” (bridging group). In the present application no such distinction is made and most groups may be either a bridging group or a terminal group.

Several terms are prefaced by the a modifier indicating the number of carbon atoms present in the moiety. For example, the modifier “C₁-C₆” in front of the term “alkyl” indicates that the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Further, the modifier “C₁-C₁₈” in front of the term “heteroaryl” indicates that the heteroaromatic ring may have from 1 to 18 carbon atoms as part of the total number of atoms in the ring system.

“Acyl” means an R—C(═O)— group in which the R group may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group as defined herein. Examples of acyl include acetyl and benzoyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the carbonyl carbon.

“Acylamino” means an R—C(═O)—NH— group in which the R group may be an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the nitrogen atom.

“Alkenyl” as a group or part of a group denotes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched preferably having 2-14 carbon atoms, more preferably 2-12 carbon atoms, most preferably 2-6 carbon atoms, in the normal chain. The group may contain a plurality of double bonds in the normal chain and the orientation about each is independently E or Z. Exemplary alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl and nonenyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Alkenyloxy” refers to an alkenyl-O— group in which alkenyl is as defined herein. Preferred alkenyloxy groups are C₁-C₆ alkenyloxy groups. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Alkyl” as a group or part of a group refers to a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, preferably a C₁-C₁₄ alkyl, more preferably a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, most preferably C₁-C₆ unless otherwise noted. Examples of suitable straight and branched C₁-C₆ alkyl substituents include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, hexyl, and the like. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Alkylamino” includes both mono-alkylamino and dialkylamino, unless specified. “Mono-alkylamino” means a Alkyl-NH— group, in which alkyl is as defined herein. “Dialkylamino” means a (alkyl)₂N— group, in which each alkyl may be the same or different and are each as defined herein for alkyl. The alkyl group is preferably a C₁-C₆ alkyl group. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the nitrogen atom.

“Alkylaminocarbonyl” refers to a group of the formula (Alkyl)_(x)(H)_(y)NC(═O)— in which x is 1 or 2, and the sum of x+y=2. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the carbonyl carbon.

“Alkyloxy” refers to an alkyl-O— group in which alkyl is as defined herein. Preferably the alkyloxy is a C₁-C₆alkyloxy. Examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy and ethoxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Alkyloxyalkyl” refers to an alkyloxy-alkyl-group in which the alkyloxy and alkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkyl group.

“Alkyloxyary” refers to an alkyloxy-aryl-group in which the alkyloxy and aryl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the aryl group.

“Alkyloxycarbonyl” refers to an alkyl-O—C(═O)— group in which alkyl is as defined herein. The alkyl group is preferably a C₁-C₆ alkyl group. Examples include, but are not limited to, methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the carbonyl carbon.

“Alkyloxycycloalkyl” refers to an alkyloxy-cycloalkyl-group in which the alkyloxy and cycloalkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the cycloalkyl group.

“Alkyloxyheteroary” refers to an alkyloxy-heteroaryl-group in which the alkyloxy and heteroaryl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the heteroaryl group.

“Alkyloxyheterocycloalkyl” refers to an alkyloxy-heterocycloalkyl-group in which the alkyloxy and heterocycloalkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the heterocycloalkyl group.

“Alkylsulfinyl” means an alkyl-S—(═O)— group in which alkyl is as defined herein. The alkyl group is preferably a C₁-C₆ alkyl group. Exemplary alkylsulfinyl groups include, but not limited to, methylsulfinyl and ethylsulfinyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the sulfur atom.

“Alkylsulfonyl” refers to an alkyl-S(═O)₂— group in which alkyl is as defined above. The alkyl group is preferably a C₁-C₆ alkyl group. Examples include, but not limited to methylsulfonyl and ethylsulfonyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the sulfur atom.

“Alkynyl” as a group or part of a group means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched preferably having from 2-14 carbon atoms, more preferably 2-12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2-6 carbon atoms in the normal chain. Exemplary structures include, but are not limited to, ethynyl and propynyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Alkynyloxy” refers to an alkynyl-O— group in which alkynyl is as defined herein. Preferred alkynyloxy groups are C₁-C₆ alkynyloxy groups. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Aminoalkyl” means an NH₂-alkyl-group in which the alkyl group is as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkyl group.

“Aminosulfonyl” means an NH₂—S(═O)₂— group. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the sulfur atom.

“Aryl” as a group or part of a group denotes (i) an optionally substituted monocyclic, or fused polycyclic, aromatic carbocycle (ring structure having ring atoms that are all carbon) preferably having from 5 to 12 atoms per ring. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, and the like; (ii) an optionally substituted partially saturated bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic moiety in which a phenyl and a C₅₋₇ cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group are fused together to form a cyclic structure, such as tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl or indanyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. Typically an aryl group is a C₆-C₁₈ aryl group.

“Arylalkenyl” means an aryl-alkenyl-group in which the aryl and alkenyl are as defined herein. Exemplary arylalkenyl groups include phenylallyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkenyl group.

“Arylalkyl” means an aryl-alkyl-group in which the aryl and alkyl moieties are as defined herein. Preferred arylalkyl groups contain a C₁₋₅ alkyl moiety. Exemplary arylalkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl, 1-naphthalenemethyl and 2-naphthalenemethyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkyl group.

“Arylalkyloxy” refers to an aryl-alkyl-O— group in which the alkyl and aryl are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Arylamino” includes both mono-arylamino and di-arylamino unless specified. Mono-arylamino means a group of formula arylNH—, in which aryl is as defined herein. di-arylamino means a group of formula (aryl)₂N— where each aryl may be the same or different and are each as defined herein for aryl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the nitrogen atom.

“Arylheteroalkyl” means an aryl-heteroalkyl-group in which the aryl and heteroalkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the heteroalkyl group.

“Aryloxy” refers to an aryl-O— group in which the aryl is as defined herein. Preferably the aryloxy is a C₆-C₁₈aryloxy, more preferably a C₆-C₁₀aryloxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Arylsulfonyl” means an aryl-S(═O)₂— group in which the aryl group is as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the sulfur atom.

A “bond” is a linkage between atoms in a compound or molecule. The bond may be a single bond, a double bond, or a triple bond.

“Cyclic group” refers to saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system. Examples of cyclic groups include cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and aryl.

“Cycloalkenyl” means a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and preferably having from 5-10 carbon atoms per ring. Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkenyl rings include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl or cycloheptenyl. The cycloalkenyl group may be substituted by one or more substituent groups. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated monocyclic or fused or spiro polycyclic, carbocycle preferably containing from 3 to 9 carbons per ring, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like, unless otherwise specified. It includes monocyclic systems such as cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl, bicyclic systems such as decalin, and polycyclic systems such as adamantane. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Cycloalkylalkyl” means a cycloalkyl-alkyl-group in which the cycloalkyl and alkyl moieties are as defined herein. Exemplary monocycloalkylalkyl groups include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and cycloheptylmethyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkyl group.

“Cycloalkylalkenyl” means a cycloalkyl-alkenyl-group in which the cycloalkyl and alkenyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkenyl group.

“Cycloalkylheteroalkyl” means a cycloalkyl-heteroalkyl-group in which the cycloalkyl and heteroalkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the heteroalkyl group.

“Cycloalkyloxy” refers to a cycloalkyl-O— group in which cycloalkyl is as defined herein. Preferably the cycloalkyloxy is a C₁-C₆cycloalkyloxy. Examples include, but are not limited to, cyclopropanoxy and cyclobutanoxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Cycloalkenyloxy” refers to a cycloalkenyl-O— group in which the cycloalkenyl is as defined herein. Preferably the cycloalkenyloxy is a C₁-C₆cycloalkenyloxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as defined herein in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. A haloalkyl group typically has the formula C_(n)H_((2n+1−m))X_(m) wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I. In groups of this type n is typically from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 6, most preferably 1 to 3. m is typically 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to

3. Examples of haloalkyl include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl.

“Haloalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group as defined herein in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen atom independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.

“Haloalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group as defined herein in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen atom independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.

“Halogen” represents chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine.

“Heteroalkyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group preferably having from 2 to 14 carbons, more preferably 2 to 10 carbons in the chain, one or more of which has been replaced by a heteroatom selected from S, O, P and N. Exemplary heteroalkyls include alkyl ethers, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines, amides, alkyl sulfides, and the like. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Heteroaryl” either alone or part of a group refers to groups containing an aromatic ring (preferably a 5 or 6 membered aromatic ring) having one or more heteroatoms as ring atoms in the aromatic ring with the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon atoms. Suitable heteroatoms include nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Examples of heteroaryl include thiophene, benzothiophene, benzofuran, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisothiazole, naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene, furan, isoindolizine, xantholene, phenoxatine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, tetrazole, indole, isoindole, 1H-indazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, cinnoline, carbazole, phenanthridine, acridine, phenazine, thiazole, isothiazole, phenothiazine, oxazole, isooxazole, furazane, phenoxazine, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 8-quinolyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, or 5-isoquinolinyl 1-, 2-, or 3-indolyl, and 2-, or 3-thienyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Heteroarylalkyl” means a heteroaryl-alkyl group in which the heteroaryl and alkyl moieties are as defined herein. Preferred heteroarylalkyl groups contain a lower alkyl moiety. Exemplary heteroarylalkyl groups include pyridylmethyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkyl group.

“Heteroarylalkenyl” means a heteroaryl-alkenyl-group in which the heteroaryl and alkenyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkenyl group.

“Heteroarylheteroalkyl” means a heteroaryl-heteroalkyl-group in which the heteroaryl and heteroalkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the heteroalkyl group.

“Heteroaryloxy” refers to a heteroaryl-O— group in which the heteroaryl is as defined herein. Preferably the heteroaryloxy is a C₁-C₁₂heteroaryloxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Heterocyclic” refers to saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring system containing at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen as a ring atom. Examples of heterocyclic moieties include heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl and heteroaryl.

“Heterocycloalkenyl” refers to a heterocycloalkyl as defined herein but containing at least one double bond. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Heterocycloalkyl” refers to a saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic ring containing at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, preferably from 1 to 3 heteroatoms in at least one ring. Each ring is preferably from 3 to 10 membered, more preferably 4 to 7 membered. Examples of suitable heterocycloalkyl substituents include pyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, piperidyl, piperazyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morphilino, 1,3-diazapane, 1,4-diazapane, 1,4-oxazepane, and 1,4-oxathiapane. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Heterocycloalkylalkyl” refers to a heterocycloalkyl-alkyl-group in which the heterocycloalkyl and alkyl moieties are as defined herein. Exemplary heterocycloalkylalkyl groups include (2-tetrahydrofuryl)methyl, (2-tetrahydrothiofuranyl) methyl. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkyl group.

“Heterocycloalkylalkenyl” refers to a heterocycloalkyl-alkenyl-group in which the heterocycloalkyl and alkenyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the alkenyl group.

“Heterocycloalkylheteroalkyl” means a heterocycloalkyl-heteroalkyl-group in which the heterocycloalkyl and heteroalkyl moieties are as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the heteroalkyl group.

“Heterocycloalkyloxy” refers to a heterocycloalkyl-O— group in which the heterocycloalkyl is as defined herein. Preferably the heterocycloalkyloxy is a C₁-C₆heterocycloalkyloxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Heterocycloalkenyloxy” refers to a heterocycloalkenyl-O— group in which heterocycloalkenyl is as defined herein. Preferably the heterocycloalkenyloxy is a C₁-C₆ heterocycloalkenyloxy. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the oxygen atom.

“Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as defined herein in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with an OH group. A hydroxyalkyl group typically has the formula C_(n)H_((2n+1−x))(OH)_(x). In groups of this type n is typically from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 6, most preferably 1 to 3. x is typically 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3.

“Lower alkyl” as a group means unless otherwise specified, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the chain, more preferably 1 to 4 carbons such as methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl or isopropyl) or butyl (n-butyl, isobutyl or tertiary-butyl). The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group.

“Sulfinyl” means an R—S(═O)— group in which the R group may be OH, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; aryl or heteroaryl group as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the sulfur atom.

“Sulfinylamino” means an R—S(═O)—NH— group in which the R group may be OH, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; aryl or heteroaryl group as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the nitrogen atom.

“Sulfonyl” means an R—S(═O)₂— group in which the R group may be OH, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; aryl or heteroaryl group as defined herein. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the sulfur atom.

“Sulfonylamino” means an R—S(═O)₂—NH— group. The group may be a terminal group or a bridging group. If the group is a terminal group it is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the nitrogen atom.

It is understood that included in the family of compounds of Formula (I) are isomeric forms including diastereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers, and geometrical isomers in “E” or “Z” configurational isomer or a mixture of E and Z isomers. It is also understood that some isomeric forms such as diastereomers, enantiomers, and geometrical isomers can be separated by physical and/or chemical methods and by those skilled in the art.

Some of the compounds of the disclosed embodiments may exist as single stereoisomers, racemates, and/or mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers. All such single stereoisomers, racemates and mixtures thereof, are intended to be within the scope of the subject matter described and claimed.

The present invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I) wherein one or more atoms have the same atomic number as, but an atomic mass or mass number different from, the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.

Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, such as ²H and ³H, carbon, such as ¹¹C, ¹³C and ¹⁴C, chlorine, such as ³⁶C, fluorine, such ¹⁸F, iodine, such as ¹²³I and ¹²⁵I, nitrogen, such as ¹³N and ¹⁵N, oxygen, such as ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O and ¹⁸O, phosphorus, such as ³²P, and sulphur, such as ³⁵S.

Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I), for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. ³H, and carbon-14, i.e. ¹⁴C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.

Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. ²H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.

Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy.

Isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using appropriate isotopically-labeled reagents in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

Additionally, Formula (I) is intended to cover, where applicable, solvated as well as unsolvated forms of the compounds. Thus, each formula includes compounds having the indicated structure, including the hydrated as well as the non-hydrated forms.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts that retain the desired biological activity of the above-identified compounds, and include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and base addition salts. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared from an inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, fumaric, maleic, alkyl sulfonic, arylsulfonic. Additional information on pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19th Edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. 1995. In the case of agents that are solids, it is understood by those skilled in the art that the inventive compounds, agents and salts may exist in different crystalline or polymorphic forms, all of which are intended to be within the scope of the present invention and specified formulae.

“Prodrug” means a compound that undergoes conversion to a compound of formula (I) within a biological system, usually by metabolic means (e.g. by hydrolysis, reduction or oxidation). For example an ester prodrug of a compound of formula (I) containing a hydroxyl group may be convertible by hydrolysis in vivo to the parent molecule. Suitable esters of compounds of formula (I) containing a hydroxyl group, are for example acetates, citrates, lactates, tartrates, malonates, oxalates, salicylates, propionates, succinates, fumarates, maleates, methylene-bis-β-hydroxynaphthoates, gestisates, isethionates, di-p-toluoyltartrates, methanesulphonates, ethanesulphonates, benzenesulphonates, p-toluenesulphonates, cyclohexylsulphamates and quinates. As another example an ester prodrug of a compound of formula (I) containing a carboxy group may be convertible by hydrolysis in vivo to the parent molecule. (Examples of ester prodrugs are those described by F. J. Leinweber, Drug Metab. Res., 18:379, 1987). Similarly, an acyl prodrug of a compound of formula (I) containing an amino group may be convertible by hydrolysis in vivo to the parent molecule (Many examples of prodrugs for these and other functional groups, including amines, are described in Prodrugs: Challenges and Rewards (Parts 1 and 2); Ed V. Stella, R. Borchardt, M. Hageman, R. Oliyai, H. Maag and J Tilley; Springer, 2007).

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired clinical results. An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations. An effective amount is typically sufficient to palliate, ameliorate, stabilize, reverse, slow or delay the progression of the disease state.

The term “functional equivalent” is intended to include variants of the specific receptor described herein. It will be understood that receptors may have isoforms, such that while the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure of a given receptor isoform is different to the prototypical receptor; the molecule maintains biological activity as a receptor. Isoforms may arise from normal allelic variation within a population and include mutations such as amino acid substitution, deletion, addition, truncation, or duplication. Also included within the term “functional equivalent” are variants generated at the level of transcription.

In the methods and uses of the invention it is observed that certain of the compounds of the Formula (I), are more active than others and therefore it is desirable to use these compounds in the methods and uses of the present invention.

In the methods and uses of the invention the preferred stereochemistry at the 3 and 5 positions of the ring of the compounds of formula (I) is the 3S, 5S diastereomer. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the methods and uses of the invention the compound of formula (I) used is a compound of formula (Ia):

wherein R, R¹, R², R³, R^(5a), R^(5b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, X, Y and r are as defined in formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In the methods and uses of the invention a particularly useful subset of compounds of formula (I) are compounds of formula (Ib) as shown below.

wherein

R¹, R², R³, R^(5a), R^(5b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, X, Y and r are as defined above,

Z is a group of formula —(CR¹³R¹⁴)_(q)—;

R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, NR^(4a)R^(4b)b, C(═O)R¹⁵, C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —C(═NR¹⁶)NR¹⁷R¹⁸, SR²⁰, SC(═O), SO₂R²⁰, OR²⁰, ONR¹⁶R¹⁷, OCR¹⁷R¹⁸R²⁰, OC(═O)R²⁰, OC(═O)OR²⁰, OC(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, and ONR¹⁶C(═NR¹⁷)NR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, C(═O)R^(15a), C(═O)NR^(15a)R^(16a), C(═O)OR^(15a), SO₂R^(15a), C(═O)H, —C(═NR^(15a))—NR^(16a)R^(17a), and OR^(15a),

R^(4b) is selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, C(═O)R^(15a), C(═O)NR^(15a)R^(16a), C(═O)OR^(15a), or

R^(4a) and R^(4b) when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic moiety, or

one of R^(4a) and R^(4b) when taken together with any R¹³ or R¹⁴ and the atoms to which they are attached forms an optionally substituted heterocyclic moiety;

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, OH, C₁-C₁₂alkyl, C₆-C₁₈aryl, C₁-C₁₂hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₁₂haloalkyl, C₁-C₁₂alkyloxy and C₁-C₁₂haloalkyloxy, or

when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached R¹³ and R¹⁴ form an optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl group, or

one of R¹³ and R¹⁴ when taken together with one of R^(4a), and R^(4b) and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic moiety, or

one of R¹³ and R¹⁴ when taken together with one of R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹ or R²⁰ and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cyclic moiety;

each R¹⁵, R^(15a), R¹⁶, R^(16a), R¹⁷, R^(17a), R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²⁰ is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, or

any two of R¹⁵, R^(15a), R¹⁶, R^(16a), R¹⁷, R^(17a), R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²⁰ when taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cyclic group, or

one of R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and R²⁰ when taken together with one of R¹³ and R¹⁴ and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cyclic moiety;

q is an integer selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In the methods and uses of the invention a particularly useful subset of compounds of formula (I) are compounds where Y is a group of the formula —(CR⁹R¹⁰)_(n)—. In one embodiment of the suitable compounds n is 1 and Y is —CR⁹R¹⁰—. In another embodiment of the suitable compounds n is 2 and Y is —CR⁹R¹⁰CR⁹R¹⁰—.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention each R⁹ and R¹⁰ is independently selected from H and CH₃. In one specific embodiment R⁹ and R¹⁰ are both H. Accordingly in one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention Y is —CH₂—. In another embodiment of compounds suitable for use in the invention Y is —CH₂CH₂—. In yet an even further embodiment of compounds suitable for use in the invention Y is —C(CH₃)₂—.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R² is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl. In a specific embodiment R² is H.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R³ is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl. In a specific embodiment R³ is H.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention X is selected from the group consisting of —C(═O)— and —(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s)—. In one specific embodiment X is —C(═O)—. In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention X is —(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s)—, s is 1. In another embodiment of compounds suitable for use in the invention X is —(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s)—, is 2. In one form of each of these embodiments R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C₁-C₆ alkyl. In a specific embodiment both R¹¹ and R¹² are H, and s is 1 such that X is —CH₂—.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the present invention R²═H, R³═H, X═C(═O) and Y═CH₂. This provides compounds of formula (Ic).

wherein R¹, R⁴, R^(5a), R^(5b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and r are as defined above.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention and in particular the compounds of formula (Ib) and (Ic) R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, optionally substituted C-linked C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl, C(═O)R¹⁵, C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, —C(═NR¹⁶)NR¹⁷R¹⁸, SR²⁰, SC(═O)R²⁰, SO₂R²⁰, OR²⁰, ONR¹⁶R¹⁷, OCR¹⁷R¹⁸R²⁰, OC(═O)R²⁰, OC(═O)OR²⁰, OC(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷, and ONR¹⁶C(═NR¹⁷)NR¹⁸R¹⁹.

In one specific embodiment R⁴ is optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl. In another embodiment R⁴ is optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl. In another embodiment R⁴ is C₁-C₁₂alkyl

In another specific embodiment R⁴ is C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷.

In another specific embodiment R⁴ is C(═O)NR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁶ and R¹⁷, when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl group. In specific embodiments R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl group selected from the group consisting of piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, piperazin-1-yl, 4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl and 1-azepanyl.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R¹⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, C(CH₃)₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl, or a halogenated derivative thereof.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R¹⁷ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, C(CH₃)₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl, or a halogenated derivative thereof.

In one embodiment of the methods and uses of the invention the compound of formula (I) used is one in which R⁴═NR^(4a)R^(4b). Accordingly a useful subset of compounds for use in the methods and uses of the present invention are compounds of formula (Id):

wherein R¹, R^(4a), R^(4b), R^(5a), R^(5b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, Z and r are as defined for formula (I).

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention, r is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4. In one specific embodiment r is 1.

In another specific embodiment r is 2. In yet a further specific embodiment r is 3. In an even further specific embodiment r is 4.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention, R^(5a) and R^(5b) are independently selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl. In one embodiment R^(5a) and R^(5b) are each independently selected from H and CH₃. In one specific embodiment R^(5a) and R^(5b) are both H. In yet another embodiment at least one of R^(5a) and R^(5b) when taken together with at least one of R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group. In one specific embodiment at least one of R^(5a) and R^(5b) when taken together with at least one of R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ and the atoms to which they are attached forms a cyclohexyl group.

In one embodiment of the compounds of the invention, Y is CH₂, R² is H, R³ is H, R^(5a) and R^(5b) are H′ and X is —C(═O)—, and r is 1. This provides compounds of formula (II).

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ and Z are as defined for formula (I).

In one embodiment of the compounds of the invention, Y is CH₂, R² is H, R³ is H, R^(5a) and R^(5b) are H, X is —C(═O)—, R⁴ is NR^(4a)R^(4b), and r is 1. This provides compounds of formula (IIa).

wherein R¹, R^(4a), R^(4b), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, and Z are as defined for formula (I).

In the compounds of the invention Z is a group of formula —(CR¹³R¹⁴)_(q)—. In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention, and in particular the compounds of formula (I), formula (Ia), formula (Ib), formula (Ic), formula (Id), formula (II) and Formula (IIa) R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from H and C₁-C₆ alkyl. In one embodiment R¹³ and R¹⁴ are each independently selected from H and CH₃. In one specific embodiment R¹³ and R¹⁴ are both H. In yet another embodiment at least one of R¹³ and R¹⁴ when taken together with at least one of R^(4a) and R^(4b) and the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl group. In one embodiment Z is —(CH₂)_(q)—

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention q is an integer selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In one specific embodiment q is 1. In another specific embodiment q is 2, in yet an even further specific embodiment q is 3, and in yet an even further specific embodiment q is 4.

Compounds in which R⁷, R¹³ and R¹⁴ are H and q is from 1 to 4 lead to compounds (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc) and (IIId) respectively.

wherein R¹, R^(4a), R^(4b), R⁶, and R⁸ are as defined for formula (I).

wherein R¹, R^(4a), R^(4b), R⁶, and R⁸ are as defined for formula (I).

wherein R¹, R^(4a), R^(4b), R⁶, and R⁸ are as defined for formula (I).

wherein R¹, R^(4a), R^(4b), R⁶, and R⁸ are as defined for formula (I).

In one form of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of H, —C(═N)NH₂, —C(═N)N(CH₃)₂, —C(═N)NCH(CH₃)₂, —C(═O)CH₃, —C(═O)cyclohexyl, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, C(CH₃)₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl, or a halogenated derivative thereof. In one form of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R^(4b) is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, C(CH₃)₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl, or a halogenated derivative thereof.

In another form of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R^(4a) and R^(4b) when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkenyl group or an optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈ heteroaryl group.

In a particular embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R^(4a) and R^(4b) when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl group selected from the group consisting of piperidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl and 1-azepanyl.

In one embodiment of the methods and uses of the invention, the compound of formula (I) is one in which one of R^(4a) and R^(4b) when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached and one of R¹³ and R¹⁴ and the carbon atom to which it is attached form an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl group. In a particular embodiment one of R^(4a) and R^(4b) when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached and one of R¹³ and R¹⁴ and the carbon atom to which it is attached form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl group selected from the group consisting of piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, and azepanyl.

Specific examples of NR^(4a)R^(4b) in the compounds which are useful in the methods and uses of the invention include:

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention, R⁷ is H.

In one embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention, R⁶ and R⁸ are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈ aryl and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, isopropenyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethyl-propyl, butyl, 2-methylbutyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, optionally substituted phenyl and optionally substituted C₁-C₅ heteroaryl

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R⁶ is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R⁸ is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, isopropenyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethyl-propyl, butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, pent-4-enyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, optionally substituted phenyl and optionally substituted C₁-C₅ heteroaryl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R⁸ is methyl, ethyl, phenyl or optionally substituted C₁-C₅ heteroaryl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a moiety selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ when taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form an optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl group.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds of the invention and specifically of the compounds of formula (I), (II) (IIa) (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), and (IIId), R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ when taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a disubstituted phenyl group. In one embodiment the disubstituted phenyl group is a 2,4-disubstituted phen-1-yl group or a 3,5-disubstituted phen-1-yl group. A wide variety of substituents may be present on the disubstituted phenyl group as defined above. Examples of particularly suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, F, Br, Cl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethyl-propyl, butyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, pent-4-enyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, phenyl, NH₂, cyano, phenoxy, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylenedioxy, pyrrol-1-yl, and 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl. In one specific embodiment the disubstituted phenyl group is a 3,5-dichlorophen-1-yl group.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R¹ is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R¹ is optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl. The C₆-C₁₈aryl may be a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic moiety. In certain embodiments the C₆-C₁₈aryl is a monocyclic moiety. In certain embodiments the C₆-C₁₈aryl is a bicyclic moiety.

In one specific embodiment R¹ is an optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl, biphenyl, and optionally substituted naphthyl. The moieties may be unsubstituted or may be substituted with one or more optional substituents. A wide variety of optional substituents may be used as defined above. Examples of particularly suitable optional substituents include, but are not limited to, F, Br, Cl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethyl-propyl, butyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, pent-4-enyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, phenyl, NH₂, cyano, phenoxy, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, pyrrol-1-yl, and 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl.

The substituents may be located at any substitutable position around the aryl ring available for substitution as would be clear to a skilled addressee. Examples of suitable optionally substituted phenyl compounds include, but are not limited to, 2-methoxy-phenyl, 3-methoxy-phenyl, 4-methoxy-phenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 2-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-phenyl, 4-chloro-phenyl, 4-bromo-phenyl, 2-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-fluoro-phenyl, 4-hydroxy-phenyl, 4-phenyl-phenyl, 4-methyl-phenyl, 2,4-dichloro-phenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2,5-dichloro-phenyl, 2,6-difluoro-phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chloro-phenyl, 3-methyl-4-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl, 3-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl, 2-hydroxy-phenyl, 3-hydroxy-phenyl, 4-hydroxy-phenyl, 4-ethoxy-phenyl, 3-phenoxy-phenyl, 4-phenoxy-phenyl, 2-methyl-phenyl, 3-methyl-phenyl, 4-methyl-phenyl, 4-isopropyl-phenyl, 4-cyano-phenyl 3,4-dimethyl-phenyl, 2,4-dimethyl-phenyl, 4-t-butyl-phenyl, 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl.

When R¹ is optionally substituted biphenyl the point of attachment of R¹ to the remainder of the molecule may be at the 2-, 3- or 4-position relative to the point of attachment of the second phenyl ring. As such the biphenyl may be an optionally substituted biphen-2-yl, or an optionally substituted biphen-3-yl, or an optionally substituted biphen-4-yl. In general the optionally substituted biphenyl is an optionally substituted biphen-4-yl. The optionally substituted biphenyl may be substituted in any suitable position.

When R¹ is optionally substituted naphthyl the point of attachment of R¹ to the remainder of the molecule may be at the 1 or 2 position. As such the naphthyl may be an optionally substituted naphth-1-yl, or an optionally substituted naphth-2-yl. In general the optionally substituted naphthyl is an optionally substituted naphth-2-yl. The optionally substituted naphthyl may be substituted in any suitable position. Examples of suitable optionally substituted naphth-2-yls include, but are not limited to, 6-fluoro-naphth-2-yl, 6-bromo-naphth-2-yl, 6-chloro-naphth-2-yl, 1-methoxy-naphth-2-yl, 3-methoxy-naphth-2-yl, 6-methoxy-naphth-2-yl, 1-hydroxy-naphth-2-yl, and 6-amino-naphth-2-yl.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R¹ is optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl. The C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl may be a monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic moiety. In certain embodiments the C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl is a monocyclic moiety. In certain embodiments the C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl is a bicyclic moiety. Examples of suitable heteroaryl moieties include, but are not limited to, indol-2-yl, indol-3-yl quinolin-2-yl quinolin-3-yl, isoquinolin-3-yl, quinoxaline-2-yl, benzo[b]furan-2-yl, benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl, benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl, thiazole-4-yl, benzimidazole-5-yl, benzotriazol-5-yl, furan-2-yl, benzo[d]thiazole-6-yl, pyrazole-1-yl, pyrazole-4-yl and thiophen-2-yl. These may also be optionally substituted as discussed above.

In one specific embodiment of the compounds suitable for use in the invention R¹ is an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl. The optionally substituted alkenyl may contain one or more double bonds with each of the double bonds being independently in the E or Z configuration. In one embodiment of the invention the alkenyl contains a single double bond which is in the E configuration.

In one specific form of this embodiment R¹ is an optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl of the formula:

R^(1a) is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl;

R^(1b) and R^(1c) are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkenyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂alkynyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₁₂heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₂-C₁₂ heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl, and optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈heteroaryl.

In one form of this embodiment R^(1a) is H. In one form of this embodiment R^(1b) is H. This provides compounds where R¹ is of the formula:

In one embodiment of the compounds of the invention R^(1c) is optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl. The C₆-C₁₈aryl may be monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic moiety. In certain embodiments the C₆-C₁₈aryl is a monocyclic moiety. In certain embodiments the C₆-C₁₈aryl is a bicyclic moiety.

In one specific embodiment R^(1c) is an optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈aryl selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted phenyl and optionally substituted naphthyl. The moieties may be unsubstituted or may be substituted with one or more optional substituents. A wide variety of optional substituents may be used as defined above. Examples of particularly suitable optional substituents include, but are not limited to, F, Br, Cl, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethyl-propyl, butyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, pent-4-enyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, phenyl, NH₂, cyano, phenoxy, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylenedioxy, pyrrol-1-yl, and 3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl.

The substituents may be located at any substitutable position around the aryl ring available for substitution as would be clear to a skilled addressee. Examples of suitable optionally substituted phenyl compounds include, but are not limited to, 2-methoxy-phenyl, 3-methoxy-phenyl, 4-methoxy-phenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl, 2-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-phenyl, 4-chloro-phenyl, 4-bromo-phenyl, 2-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-fluoro-phenyl, 4-hydroxy-phenyl, 4-phenyl-phenyl, 4-methyl-phenyl, 2,4-dichloro-phenyl, 3,4-dichloro-phenyl, 2,5-dichloro-phenyl, 2,6-difluoro-phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl, 3-fluoro-4-chloro-phenyl, 3-methyl-4-chloro-phenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl, 3-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl, 2-hydroxy-phenyl, 3-hydroxy-phenyl, 4-hydroxy-phenyl, 4-ethoxy-phenyl, 3-phenoxy-phenyl, 4-phenoxy-phenyl, 2-methyl-phenyl, 3-methyl-phenyl, 4-methyl-phenyl, 4-isopropyl-phenyl, 4-cyano-phenyl 3,4-dimethyl-phenyl, 2,4-dimethyl-phenyl, 4-t-butyl-phenyl, 2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl.

Specific compounds suitable for use in the methods and uses of the invention include the following:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.

In order to assist the reader the names of compounds suitable for use in the invention as discussed above are as follows:

-   (14)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (25)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (31)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (33)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (37)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (38)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (39)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (49)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (50)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonamide -   (54)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (60)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-bromo-N-methyl-2-naphthamide -   (62)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-bromo-2-naphthamide -   (63)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (64)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (65)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-(isopropylamino)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (67)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-(3-methylguanidino)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (71)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (79)     N—((S)-1-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide -   (81)     (S)-2-acetamido-N—((S)-1-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanamide -   (83)     propyl(S)-1-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylcarbamate -   (85)     N—((R)-1-(3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide -   (86)     (S)-2-acetamido-N—((R)-1-(3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanamide -   (87)     propyl(R)-1-(3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylcarbamate -   (102)     N-(((3R,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (103)     N-(((3R,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (104)     N-(((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (105)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (106)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide -   (107)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide -   (108)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide -   (109)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide -   (110)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide -   (111)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxamide -   (112)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)quinoline-3-carboxamide -   (113)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxamide -   (114)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxamide -   (115)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (116)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide -   (117)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (118)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide -   (119)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1-naphthamide -   (120)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetamide -   (121)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(biphenyl-4-yl)acetamide -   (122)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (123)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide -   (124)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1-naphthamide -   (125)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetamide -   (126)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (127)     (S)—N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide -   (128)     (R)—N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide -   (129)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide -   (130)     (R)—N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-(3-methylguanidino)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide -   (131)     (S)—N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide -   (132)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide -   (133)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxamide -   (134)     (R)—N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide -   (135)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide -   (136)     2,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (137)     2,5-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (138)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (139)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide -   (140)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-phenoxybenzamide -   (141)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-phenoxybenzamide -   (142)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide -   (143)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-phenylpropanamide -   (144)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dimethylbenzamide -   (145)     4-tert-butyl-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (146)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2,4-dimethoxybenzamide -   (147)     2-cyclohexyl-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acetamide -   (148)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxamide -   (149)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide -   (150)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-5-carboxamide -   (151)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cyclopentanecarboxamide -   (152)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (153)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cinnamamide -   (154)     3,5-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (155)     2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acetamide -   (156)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1-methoxy-2-naphthamide -   (157)     2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acetamide -   (158)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-methoxy-2-naphthamide -   (159)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(guanidinooxy)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (160)     (E)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidino-propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (161)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-adamantane-1-carboxamide -   (162)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-phenoxyacetamide -   (163)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-methoxy-2-naphthamide -   (164)     4-bromo-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (165)     (S)—N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-2-carboxamide -   (166)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (167)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylamide -   (168)     (R)—N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-2-carboxamide -   (169)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (170)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (171)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-p-tolylacrylamide -   (172)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylamide -   (173)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (174)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-methyl-3-phenylacrylamide -   (175)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide -   (176)     2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acetamide -   (177)     (E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (178)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxamide -   (179)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-5-phenylfuran-2-carboxamide -   (180)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (181)     6-bromo-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (182)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (183)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (184)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (185)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzo[b]thiophene-5-carboxamide -   (186)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide -   (187)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (188)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (189)     (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (190)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (191)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-m-tolylacrylamide -   (192)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylamide -   (193)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (194)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (195)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-o-tolylacrylamide -   (196)     (Z)—N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-fluoro-3-phenylacrylamide -   (197)     N-((1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (198)     N-((1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (199)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (200)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylamide -   (201)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylpropyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (202)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (203)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(1-adamantylmethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (204)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-yl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (205)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-yl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (206)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-cyclohexyl-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (207)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-1-fluoro-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-yl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (208)     (E)-3-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (209)     (E)-3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (210)     (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (211)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acrylamide -   (212)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-bromo-2-naphthamide -   (213)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cinnamamide -   (214)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (215)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1,4-dimethoxy-2-naphthamide -   (216)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (217)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-hydroxy-2-naphthamide -   (218)     6-amino-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (219)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-p-tolylacrylamide -   (220)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (221)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (222)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-ethylhexanamide -   (223)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dimethylbenzamide -   (224)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (225)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-ethylhexanamide -   (226)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(cyclohexylamino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (227)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (228)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (229)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (230)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (231)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(cyclohexylamino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (232)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(4-(isopropylamino)butyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (233)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (234)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-cyanophenyl)acrylamide -   (235)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylamide -   (236)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetamide -   (237)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-5-((4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-carboxamide -   (238)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzamide -   (239)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide -   (240)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-5-((4-chlorophenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide -   (241)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-5-(furan-2-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide -   (242)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-phenylthiazole-4-carboxamide -   (243)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzamide -   (244)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide -   (245)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (246)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (247)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (248)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(benzylamino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (249)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(cyclopentylamino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (250)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(cyclobutylamino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (251)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(dicyclobutylamino)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (252)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-benzyl-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (253)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (254)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (255)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)acrylamide -   (256)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide -   (257)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methylacrylamide -   (258)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (259)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzamide -   (260)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-bromophenyl)acrylamide -   (261)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (262)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (263)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (264)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (265)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(azetidin-1-yl)propyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (266)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (267)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1-(2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (268)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-acetamido-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (269)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cinnamamide -   (270)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dimethylbenzamide -   (271)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (272)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-(cyclobutanecarboxamido)-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (273)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-(cyclohexanecarboxamido)-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (274)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(aminomethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (275)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(aminomethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (276)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (277)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-p-tolylacrylamide -   (278)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (279)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (280)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (281)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dimethylbenzamide -   (282)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cinnamamide -   (283)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (284)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (285)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dimethylbenzamide -   (286)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)cinnamamide -   (287)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (288)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-p-tolylacrylamide -   (289)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (290)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-benzamido-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (291)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-2-benzamido-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (292)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-1-(2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (293)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenyl-2-propoxyethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (294)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-(benzyloxy)-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (295)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-(allyloxy)-2-phenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (296)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (297)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (298)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (299)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (300)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-acetamidopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-p-tolylacrylamide -   (301)     N-(3-((2S,7S)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-7-(((E)-3-p-tolylacrylamido)methyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)propyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide -   (302)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenoxy-2-phenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (303) ethyl     3-((3S,5S)-5-((2-naphthamido)methyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-phenylpropanoate -   (304)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (305)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (306)     N-(2-((2S,7S)-7-(((E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamido)methyl)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)ethyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide -   (307)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(2-cyclohexylacetamido)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (308)     N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)benzamide -   (309)     3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)benzamide -   (310)     N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)-2-naphthamide -   (311)     N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)benzamide -   (312)     3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)benzamide -   (313)     N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)-2-naphthamide -   (314)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(3-(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-2-phenylpropyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (315)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (316)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (317)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (318)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (319)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (320)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (321)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (322)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (323)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (324)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (325)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (326)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (327)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (328)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-difluorobenzyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (329)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (330)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (331)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (332)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (333)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (334)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (335)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,3-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (336)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (337)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (338)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3-fluoro-5-methylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (339)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (340)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (341)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (342)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((1-phenylcyclohexyl)methyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (343)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (344)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (345)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (346)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (347)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (348)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (349)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (350)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (351)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-chloro-3-fluorobenzamide -   (352)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-chloro-3-methylbenzamide -   (353)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-chloro-4-fluorobenzamide -   (354)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-chloro-4-methylbenzamide -   (355)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (356)     N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)-2-naphthamide -   (357)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (358)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (359)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (360)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1-(3-oxo-2-phenyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (361)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1-(3-oxo-2-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (362)     3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)benzamide -   (363)     3,4-dichloro-N-(2-((3S,5R)-3-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)ethyl)benzamide -   (364)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(aminomethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (365)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(aminomethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (366)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(aminomethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (367)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (368)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (369)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (370)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (371)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (372)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (373)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylpropyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (374)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylpropyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (375)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (376)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (377)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3,5-diethynylbenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (378)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (379)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (380)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (381)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (382)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (383)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (384)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (385)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (386)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (387)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (388)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-bromo-2-naphthamide -   (389)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (390)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (391)     6-bromo-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (392)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (393)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (394)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (395)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (396)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide -   (397)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (398)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (399)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (400)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (401)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-((2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (402)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (403)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (404)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (405)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(3-methyl-2-phenylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (406)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (407)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (408)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-((1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (409)     3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)propanamide -   (410)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propanamide -   (411)     N-(((2S,7S)-7-(((E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamido)methyl)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)methyl)picolinamide -   (412)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (413)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-3-methyl-2-phenylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (414)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-3-methyl-2-phenylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (415)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)acrylamide -   (416)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)acrylamide -   (417)     (E)-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (418)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)acrylamide -   (419)     (E)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (420)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)acrylamide -   (421)     N-(((2S,7S)-7-(((E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamido)methyl)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide -   (422)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (423)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (424)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (425)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (426)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (427)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (428)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (429)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (430)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (431)     benzyl((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methylcarbamate -   (432)     (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (433)     5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide -   (434)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (435)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (436)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (437)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (438)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (439)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (440)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (441)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (442)     (E)-N-(2-((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)propan-2-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide -   (443)     (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)propan-2-yl)acrylamide -   (444)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (445)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (446)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (447)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (448)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(methyl(phenyl)amino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (449)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (450)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (451)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (452)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(benzylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (453)     (5S,9aS)-5-((2-aminobenzyl)-2-(E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acryloyl)-7-(2,2-diphenylethyl)hexahydro-1H-imidazo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepin-6(5H)-one -   (454)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (455)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (456)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylpentyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (457)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylpentyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (458)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide -   (459)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide -   (460)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide -   (461)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide -   (462)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (463)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (464)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (465)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (466)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminobenzyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (467)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(benzyl(methyl)amino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (468)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (469)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(methyl(pentyl)amino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (470)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (471)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (472)     (S)-6-chloro-N-((2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (473)     (S)-6-chloro-N-(3-(1-isopentylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (474)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (475)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isopentyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (476)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (477)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (478)     1-(2-((2S,7S)-7-((3,4-dichlorobenzamido)methyl)-3-oxo-4-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)ethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic     acid -   (479)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (480)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-((S)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (481)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(tert-butyl(methyl)amino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (482)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (483)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(butyl(methyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (484)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(cyclohexylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (485)     6-chloro-N-((3-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (486)     (3S,5S)-5-((3,4-dichlorobenzylamino)methyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one -   (487)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-guanidinoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (488)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(3-methylguanidino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (489)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((R)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (490)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((S)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (491)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (492)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (493)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (494)     N-(((3R,5R)-3-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (495)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (496)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(isopropylamino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (497)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (498)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (499)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (500)     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5R)-3-(2-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (501)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((R)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (502)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-((S)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (503)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (504)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (505)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (506)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-hexyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (507)     6-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methylcarbamoyl)-2-naphthoic     acid -   (508)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(3-isopropylguanidino)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (509)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (510)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (511)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (512)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isobutyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (513)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (514)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (515)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (516)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((R)-2-ethyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (517)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((S)-2-ethyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (518)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide -   (519)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetamide -   (520)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)quinoline-3-carboxamide -   (521)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (522)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (523)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (524)     (3S,5S)-5-((3,4-dichlorobenzylamino)methyl)-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one -   (525)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-cyclopropylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (526)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-cyclopropylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (527)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-cyclopropylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (528)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (529)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(3-ureidopropyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (530)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ylamino)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (531)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(3,3-dimethyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (532)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (533)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(3-isopropylureido)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (534)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide -   (535)     N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-phenylthiazole-4-carboxamide -   (536)     4′-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)biphenyl-2-carboxamide -   (537)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(N-isopropylacetamido)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (538)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-((isopropylamino)methyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (539)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(guanidinomethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (540)     2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acetamide -   (541)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (542)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (543)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-(methylsulfonamido)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (544)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (545)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-((S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanamido)ethyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (546)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (547)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (548)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)butyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (549)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1-((R)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)butyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (550)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1-((S)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)butyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (551)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide -   (552)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (553)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (554)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (555)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (556)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (557)     N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acetamide -   (558)     1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)urea -   (559)     N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3,4-dichlorobenzamide -   (560)     3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (561)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1-(2,3,5-trichlorobenzyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (562)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(1-methylethylsulfonamido)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (563) butyl     2-((2S,7S)-7-((6-chloro-2-naphthamido)methyl)-3-oxo-4-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)ethylcarbamate -   (564)     (S)-6-chloro-N-((3-(1-isopropylpiperidin-4-yl)-2-oxo-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (565)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (566)     5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide -   (567)     2,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (568)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-methoxy-2-naphthamide -   (569)     6-chloro-N-(([5-¹³C,4-¹⁵N](3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)[¹³C]methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (570)     N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-1-methoxy-2-naphthamide -   (571)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)acrylamide -   (572)     5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide -   (573)     2,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide -   (574)     5,6-dichloro-2-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione -   (575)     (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)acrylamide -   (576)     6-methoxy-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (577)     1-methoxy-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (578)     (E)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide -   (579)     6-chloro-N-(([5,6,6-²H₃](3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)[²H₂]methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (580)     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5R)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (581)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5R)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (582)     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (583)     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5R)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (584)     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   (585)     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5R)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

As stated previously the compounds of formula (I) are antagonists of the MC5R and therefore may be used to modulate the activity of MC5R or a fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof by exposing MC5R or a fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof to a compound of the invention. This can occur in vitro in assays where the downregulation of MC5R activity is desirable, however it is typically more beneficial when utilised in downregulation of MC5R activity in a patient. The amount of downregulation provided by the compounds of the invention will vary from compound to compound and will also be affected by the amount of compound administered. In one embodiment the amount of downregulation is at least 10%. In another embodiment the amount of downregulation is at least 20%. In an even further embodiment the amount of downregulation is at least 50%.

Accordingly the methods of the present invention may be used in the treatment of any condition in which modulation of the activity of MC5R or a fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof would lead to a beneficial effect on that condition. As such the compounds suitable for use in the present invention may be used in methods of treating, preventing, or controlling a condition associated either directly or indirectly with the activity of MC5R or a fragment or analogue or functional equivalent thereof in a mammal wherein an MC5R modulating amount of the compound of the invention is administered to the mammal. One condition associated with MC5R activity is excess sebum secretion and conditions related thereto. In one embodiment of the method the condition is selected from the group consisting of acne, seborrhoea, and seborrheic dermatitis. In one embodiment the acne is selected from the group consisting of acne vulgaris, acne, acne conglobata and acne fulminans. In one specific embodiment the condition is acne vulgaris.

For example, downregulation of MC5R leads to a reduction of sebum secretion and can thus be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of a number of conditions in which excess sebum secretion is observed such as acne, seborrhoea and seborrheic dermatitis.

The methods of the invention may also be useful in the treatment, prevention or control of a number of conditions that relate to biological processes controlled by MC5R, such as diseases related to inflammation. The compounds of formula (I) may also be useful for the treatment or prevention of cancers, such as Muir-Torre syndrome or other cancers of the sebaceous gland.

Due to their impact on sebum secretion the compounds of formula (I) may also find application in treatments where reduced sebum secretion is desirable such as in cosmetic treatments. The compounds may thus be used in methods of reducing sebum secretion by a mammal, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).

The compounds of formula (I) may be used in the treatment of conditions in any species in which MC5R is present, most typically mammals. Examples of species in which MC5R is found and hence species in which the compounds may be used include humans, rats, mice, dogs, rhesus monkey, sheep, zebrafish, goldfish, spiny dogfish, rainbow trout and chickens. In a specific embodiment the mammal is a human.

Administration of compounds within Formula (I) to a patient such as humans can be by topical administration, by any of the accepted modes for enteral administration such as oral or rectal, or by parenteral administration such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal routes. Injection can be bolus or via constant or intermittent infusion. The active compound is typically included in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and in an amount sufficient to deliver to the patient a therapeutically effective dose.

In using the compounds of formula (I) they can be administered in any form or mode which makes the compound bioavailable. One skilled in the art of preparing formulations can readily select the proper form and mode of administration depending upon the particular characteristics of the compound selected, the condition to be treated, the stage of the condition to be treated and other relevant circumstances. We refer the reader to Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19^(th) edition, Mack Publishing Co. (1995) for further information.

The compounds of formula (I) can be administered alone or in the form of a pharmaceutical composition in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. The compounds of formula (I), while effective themselves, are typically formulated and administered in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts as these forms are typically more stable, more easily crystallised and have increased solubility.

The compounds are, however, typically used in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which are formulated depending on the desired mode of administration. The compositions are prepared in manners well known in the art.

A compound of formula (I) is typically combined with the carrier to produce a dosage form suitable for the particular patient being treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, a formulation intended for the oral administration to humans may contain from about 0.5 mg to about 5 g of the compound of the invention, compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may vary from about 5 to about 99.95 percent of the total composition. Representative dosage forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of a compound of the invention, typically 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg, or 1000 mg. Compounds of the present invention may also be formulated for topical delivery in formulations such as solutions, ointments, lotions, gels, creams, microemulsions or transdermal patches. For example, these topical formulations may contain from 0.005 to 5% (wt/wt or wt/vol) of a compound of the invention.

The compounds of formula (I) may be used or administered in combination with one or more additional drug (s). The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with one or more other pharmaceutically-active compounds, such as other anti-acne treatments. In one embodiment the other pharmaceutically active agent is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, retinoids, anti-androgens, and steroids. Examples of other pharmaceutically active compounds that may be combined with a compound of formula (I) and administered in concurrent or sequential combination therewith may include, by way of non-limiting example, other anti-acne agents such as oral retinoids (e.g. isotretinoin), topical retinoids (e.g. isotretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene), oral or topical antibiotics (e.g. clindamycin, erythromycin, minocycline, tetracycline, benzoyl peroxide), or hormonal therapies (e.g. drospirenone, norgestimate—ethinyl estradiol, cyproterone acetate). As stated these components can be administered in the same formulation or in separate formulations. If administered in separate formulations the compounds of the invention may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with the other drug(s).

Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in the invention for parenteral injection comprise pharmaceutically acceptable sterile aqueous or non aqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use. Examples of suitable aqueous and non aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil), and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.

These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservative, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of micro-organisms may be ensured by the inclusion of various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents such as sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the inclusion of agents that delay absorption such as aluminium monostearate and gelatin.

If desired, and for more effective distribution, the compounds can be incorporated into slow release or targeted delivery systems such as polymer matrices, liposomes, and microspheres.

The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions that can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium just prior to use.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

If desired, and for more effective distribution, the compounds can be incorporated into slow release or targeted delivery systems such as polymer matrices, liposomes, and microspheres.

The active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminium metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar, and tragacanth, and mixtures thereof.

Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at room temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

For topical administration, the active agent may be in the form of an ointment, cream, suspension, lotion, powder, solution, paste, gel, spray, aerosol or oil. Alternatively, the composition may be delivered via a liposome, nanosome, rivosome, or nutri-diffuser vehicle. Alternately, a formulation may comprise a transdermal patch or dressing such as a bandage impregnated with an active ingredient and optionally one or more carriers or diluents. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen. Methods for producing formulations for topical administration are known in the art.

The compositions used for topical administration typically contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which may be any vehicle that is toxicologically and pharmaceutically acceptable. Typical pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be used in compositions of the present invention include water, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, freons, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, polyethlyene glycol, fragrances, gel-producing materials, mineral oil, stearic acid, spermaceti, sorbitan, monoleate, polysorbates, “Tweens,” sorbitol, methyl cellulose, petrolatum, a mineral oil (vaseline oil), which may be any petroleum based product; modified or unmodified vegetable oils such as peanut oil, wheatgerm oil, linseed oil, jojoba oil, apricot kernel oil, walnut oil, palm oil, pistachio oil, sesame oil, colza oil, cade oil, corn germ oil, peach kernel oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, castor oil, soya oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut oil, grapeseed oil, avocado oil, soy oil, sweet almond oil, calophyllum oil, castor oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, or animal oils such as whale oil, seal oil, menhaden oil, halibut liver oil, cod liver oil, cod, tuna, turtle tallow, horse's hoof, sheep's foot, mink, otter, marmot oil and the like; synthetic oils such as silicon oil such as dimethylpolysiloxane; alkyl and alkenyl esters of fatty acids, such as isopropyl esters of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids and fatty esters which are solid at room temperature; waxes such as lanolin wax, candelilla wax, spermaceti, cocoa butter, karite butter, silicon waxes, hydrogenated oils which are solid at room temperature, sucro-glycerides, oleates, myristates, linoleates, stearates, paraffin, beeswax, carnauba wax, ozokerite, candelilla wax, microcrystalline wax; fatty alcohols such as lauryl, cetyl, myristyl, stearyl, palmityl and oleyl alcohols; polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols; and wax esters, lanolin and its derivatives, perhydrosqualene and saturated esters, ethyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl myristate, butyl myristate and decyl myristate, hexyl stearate, triglyceride esters, triglycerides of octanoic and decanoic acid, cetyl ricinoleate, stearyl octanoate (Purcellin oil), fatty acids, polyhydric alcohols, polyether derivatives, fatty acid monoglycerides, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, alkyl ethoxy ether sulfonates, ammonium alkyl sulfates, fatty acid soaps, and hydrogenated polyisobutene, and mixtures of waxes and oils.

The compositions for topical administration may be formulated in numerous forms. However, the composition may often take the form of an aqueous or oily solution or dispersion or emulsion or a gel or a cream. An emulsion may be an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.

The oil phase of water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions may comprise for example: a) hydrocarbon oils such as paraffin or mineral oils; b) waxes such as beeswax or paraffin wax; c) natural oils such as sunflower oil, apricot kernel oil, shea butter or jojoba oil; d) silicone oils such as dimethicone, cyclomethicone or cetyldimethicone; e) fatty acid esters such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, dioctylmaleate, glyceryl oleate and cetostearyl isononanoate; f) fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (eg cetearyl alcohol); g) polypropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol ethers, eg PPG-14 butyl ether; or h) mixtures thereof.

Emulsifiers used may be any emulsifiers known in the art for use in water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions. Known cosmetically acceptable emulsifiers include: a) sesquioleates such as sorbitan sesquioleate, available commercially for example under the trade name Arlacel 83 (ICI), or polyglyceryl-2-sesquioleate; b) ethoxylated esters of derivatives of natural oils such as the polyethoxylated ester of hydrogenated castor oil available commercially for example under the trade name Arlacel 989 (ICI); c) silicone emulsifiers such as silicone polyols available commercially for example under the trade name ABIL WS08 (Th. Goldschmidt AG); d) anionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid soaps e.g. potassium stearate and fatty acid sulphates e.g. sodium cetostearyl sulphate available commercially under the trade name Dehydag (Henkel); e) ethoxylated fatty alcohols, for example the emulsifiers available commercially under the trade name Brij (ICI); f) sorbitan esters, for example the emulsifiers available commercially under the trade name Span (ICI); g) ethoxylated sorbitan esters, for example the emulsifiers available commercially under the trade name Tween (ICI); h) ethoxylated fatty acid esters such as ethoxylated stearates, for example the emulsifiers available commercially under the trade name Myrj (ICI); i) ethoxylated mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, for example the emulsifiers available commercially under the trade name Labrafil (Alfa Chem.); j) non-ionic self-emulsifying waxes, for example the wax available commercially under the trade name Polawax (Croda); k) ethoxylated fatty acids, for example, the emulsifiers available commercially under the trade name Tefose (Alfa Chem.); l) methylglucose esters such as polyglycerol-3 methyl glucose distearate available commercially under the name Tegocare 450 (Degussa Goldschmidt); or m) mixtures thereof.

Gels for topical administration may be aqueous or non-aqueous. Aqueous gels are preferred. The gel will contain a thickening agent or gelling agent in order to give sufficient viscosity to the gel. A variety of thickening agents may be used according to the nature of the liquid carrier and the viscosity required and these are recited hereinafter. A particularly suitable thickener is a copolymer of acryloyl dimethyl tauric acid (or a salt thereof), preferably a copolymer of that monomer with another vinylic monomer. For example, the thickening agent is a copolymer of a salt of acryloyl dimethyl tauric acid with another vinylic monomer. The salt may be a salt of a Group I alkali metal, but is more preferably an ammonium salt. Examples of suitable copolymer thickening agents are: i) Ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate I vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, ie a copolymer of ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate and vinyl pyrrolidone (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone).

The composition may additionally comprise other skincare active agents which are well known in the art which may be effective to aid the normal functioning of the skin. One group of preferred compositions comprise hydrolysed milk protein to regulate sebum production.

The composition may additionally comprise other components which will be well known to those skilled in the art such as emollients, humectants, emulsion stabilising salts, preservatives, chelating agents or sequestering agents (sequestrants), abrasives, anti-oxidants, stabilisers, pH adjusters, surfactants, thickeners, diluents, perfumes and colourings.

The topical formulations may desirably include a compound that enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogues.

The amount of compound administered will preferably treat and reduce or alleviate the condition. A therapeutically effective amount can be readily determined by an attending diagnostician by the use of conventional techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the therapeutically effective amount a number of factors are to be considered including but not limited to, the species of animal, its size, age and general health, sex, diet, the specific condition involved, the severity of the condition, the response of the patient to treatment, the particular compound administered, the mode of administration, the bioavailability of the preparation administered, the dose regime selected, the use of other medications and other relevant circumstances.

A preferred dosage will be a range from about 0.01 to 300 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A more preferred dosage will be in the range from 0.1 to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, more preferably from 0.2 to 80 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, even more preferably 0.2 to 50 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A suitable dose can be administered in multiple sub-doses per day.

Synthesis of Compounds for Use in the Invention

The general synthetic route to the compounds for use in the invention proceeds through the key intermediate A, produced as outlined in Schemes 1 or 2.

In Scheme 1, an amino acid derivative V—N(R²)—Y—CO₂H (V═R¹X or an amine protecting group P¹) is converted to a Weinreb amide via activation of the carboxyl group and amidation with N-methyl methoxyamine. Addition of a vinyl Grignard reagent produces the aminoalkyl vinyl ketone, which undergoes conjugate addition by the R⁶R⁷R⁸C—(CR^(5a)R^(5b))_(r)NH₂ amine component (shown as WNH₂ for simplicity). The resulting secondary amine is acylated under standard peptide coupling conditions with the protected amino acid, P²—NHCH(U)—CO₂H, where U represents either the final R side chain, a protected final side chain R—P³, or a precursor that requires chemical modification to form the final R side chain. Deprotection of the P² protecting group is followed by intramolecular reductive amination of the ketone using standard reduction conditions, such as H₂/Pd catalyst, NaBH₄, NaBH₃CN, or NaBH(OAc)₃, forming key intermediate A. If Y═CH₂ or CH₂CH₂, A is formed as the predominant diastereomer. If V═R¹X and U═R, A is the final product.

In Scheme 2, an alternate route to the desired intermediate A begins with the same Weinreb amide formation, vinyl Grignard addition, and amine conjugate addition. At this point, the secondary amine is protected with an amine protecting group P⁴. The ketone is then reductively aminated with a protected amino ester, H₂NCH(U)—CO₂P⁵, producing a mixture of diastereomers that are carried through the next reaction steps. The ring system is generated by deprotection of the P⁴ and P⁵ protecting groups, followed by amide bond formation using standard peptide coupling reagents. Alternatively, the P⁴ protecting group is removed and cyclization achieved by thermal or base-induced cyclization with the P⁵-protected ester. The cyclization produces a mixture of two diastereomers, A and B, from which the preferred diastereomers A can be separated by chromatography.

The key intermediate A may be the final product if U═R and V═R¹X, but otherwise is converted into the final product as illustrated in Schemes 3, 4 and 5.

In Scheme 3, where V═R¹X, the final product is obtained by modification of the U side chain, such as removal of a P³ protecting group, or removal of a P³ protecting group followed by further chemical modification.

In Scheme 4, where V═P¹, the final product is obtained by removal of the P1 protecting group followed by introduction of the R¹X substituent. If U═R, this produces the final product. Alternatively, the U side chain is then modified to produce the final R group as in Scheme 3.

In Scheme 5, where V═P¹, the final product is obtained by first modifying the U side chain to produce the final R group as in Scheme 3. This is followed by removal of the P1 protecting group followed by introduction of the R¹X substituent.

It is also possible to modify the W substituent, if desired, during these reaction sequences.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are intended to illustrate the embodiments disclosed and are not to be construed as being limitations thereto. Additional compounds, other than those described below, may be prepared using the following described reaction schemes as discussed above or appropriate variations or modifications thereof. All starting materials described in the Examples below are commercially available or readily synthesized by those skilled in the art.

Instrumentation

HPLC analyses were carried out on an Agilent 1100 Series Purification System with a Phenomenex Synergi 4μ Max-RP 80A, 50×2.00 mm analytical HPLC column, with peak detection by UV. The standard analysis employed a 1 mL/min flow rate of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water (Solvent A) and 0.05% TFA in 90:10 acetonitrile:water (Solvent B), using a gradient of 5% B (initial) to 95% B over 9 min. Mass spectra were run on an Applied Biosystems MDS Sciex API 2000 LC/MS/MS triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and analyzed by ion spray mass spectrometry (ISMS). Preparative scale HPLC was carried out on a Waters Delta Prep 3000 HPLC system with peak detection by UV (Waters model 486 tunable absorbance detector), using Phenomenex Luna 10μ C5 100A, 250×21.20 mm (20 mg scale), Phenomenex Luna 15μ C8(2) 100A, 250×30.00 mm (50 mg scale), or Phenomenex Luna 15μ C8(2) 100A, 250×50.00 mm (100 mg scale) HPLC columns. The solvent system employed various gradients of 0.05% TFA in water (Solvent A) and 0.05% TFA in 90:10 acetonitrile:water (Solvent B).

The following examples 1 to 7 provide general synthetic procedures that may be followed in order to carry out the transformations described in schemes 1 to 5. In order to make different end products using these procedures it is necessary to either vary a variable group on the starting material or to vary a variable group on one of the reagents depending upon the nature of the reaction. It will be apparent to a skilled addressee from a reading of the general procedures how to vary either the starting material or the reagents used in the procedure to produce differing end products. In addition depending upon the starting materials and the reagents it may be necessary and/or desirable to make slight modifications to the described general procedures in order to provide the most facile synthesis of the desired end product.

Example 1 General Procedure—Weinreb Amide Formation

BOP reagent (100 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) (100 mmol) is added to a stirred solution of the amino acid (1) (100 mmol) in dichloromethane (DCM) (100 mL). The solution is then stirred at room temperature for 10 mins, before addition of a premixed solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (100 mmol) and DIPEA (100 mmol) followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The DCM is then removed by rotary evaporation and the residue taken up in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (200 mL). The organic phase is then washed with 1N HCl (3×100 mL), H₂O (3×100 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×100 mL) and brine (1×10 mL). The organic phase is then dried (MgSO₄) and the EtOAc removed to give the Weinreb amide (2) as a white solid or an oil.

Example 2 General Procedure—Vinyl Grignard Addition to Weinreb Amide to Form α,β-Unsaturated Ketones of Formula (3)

To the Weinreb amide (2) (15 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. is added vinyl magnesium bromide (45 mmol) in THF (45 mL). The reaction is stirred for 2 hrs and monitored by HPLC. The reaction is then quenched by adding it to a mixture of ice and 1M HCl (200 mL). The aqueous mixture is extracted with DCM (3×100 mL) and the organic layers combined and washed with 1M HCl (2×200 mL) and H₂O (3×100 mL). The organic phase is dried (MgSO₄) to provide a solution of the α,β-unsaturated ketone (3). The α,β-unsaturated ketone (3) may be isolated by rotary evaporation or it may be used in solution without further purification. If the intention is to use the α,β-unsaturated ketone (3) in solution the volume is reduced to 100 mL by rotary evaporation and stored for later use.

Example 3 General Procedure—Conjugate Addition of Amine to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones of Formula (3) to Produce Compounds of Formula (4)

To the amine W—NH₂ (7.4 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) is added a solution of the α,β-unsaturated ketone (3) (5.7 mmol) in DCM (50 mL). The solution is stirred at room temperature for 15 mins, or until analysis indicates that all of (3) has been consumed. The solution of compound (4) is immediately used without purification for the subsequent reaction.

Example 4 General Procedure—Acylation of Aminoketone (4)

The amine acid P²—NHCH(U)—CO₂H (15 mmol) and DIC (15 mmol) is added to a solution of DCM containing 10 mmol of the conjugate addition adduct 4. The reaction is stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM is removed by rotary evaporation and the residue is then subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc to give 5.

As an alternative, the DIC may be replaced with HATU (15 mmol) and DIPEA (15 mmol). The reaction is stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM is removed by rotary evaporation and the residue is taken up in EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×100 mL), saturated ammonium chloride solution (2×100 mL) and brine (2×100 mL). The organic phase is dried and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The residue is subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum ether:EtOAc to give 5.

Example 5 General Procedure—P² Deprotection and Cyclization

The procedure adopted for the removal of the P2 protecting group will vary depending upon the exact nature of the protecting group. As will be appreciated by a skilled addressee a large number of possible protecting groups may be used and a skilled worker in the art will readily be able to determine an appropriate procedure for the removal of any particular protecting group from procedures known in the art. Nevertheless in order to assist the reader general procedures for the removal of the more common protecting groups are provided.

P²=Fmoc: To compound 5 (2 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) is added diethylamine (20 mmol). The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM and diethylamine is then removed by rotary evaporation. DCM (5 mL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3 mmol) are then added, and the reaction stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic phase is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the DCM removed to give the cyclised product A. This may be purified by flash chromatography on silica gel or used without purification.

P²=Boc: To compound 5 (2 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) is added TFA (3 mL) and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The DCM and TFA are then removed by rotary evaporation. DCM (5 mL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3 mmol) is then added, and the reaction stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic phase is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the DCM removed to give the cyclised product A. This may be purified by flash chromatography on silica gel or used without purification.

P²=Cbz: A mixture of crude 5 (1 mmol) and 5% Pd/C (200 mg) in 2-propanol (15 mL) is shaken at room temperature under hydrogen (30 psi) for 24 hrs. The mixture is then filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (100% EtOAc) may be used to give A.

Example 6 General Procedure—Deprotection and Derivatization with R¹X

The procedure adopted for the removal of the P1 protecting group will vary depending upon the exact nature of the protecting group. As will be appreciated by a skilled addressee a large number of possible protecting groups may be used and a skilled worker in the art will readily be able to determine an appropriate procedure for the removal of any particular protecting group from procedures known in the art. Nevertheless in order to assist the reader general procedures for the removal of the more common protecting groups are provided.

Deprotection, P¹=Cbz:

To the cyclised product A (1 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) is added catalytic Pd/C. The reaction is stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture is filtered through Celite and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation to give the free amine. The amine may be used in the next reaction without purification.

Deprotection, P¹=Boc:

To the cyclised product A (1 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) is added TFA (1 mL) and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation to give the amine TFA salt, which may be used in the next reaction without purification.

Deprotection, P¹=Alloc:

To the cyclised product A (1 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) is added 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (0.2 mmol) and palladium tetrakis triphenylphosphine (10 mg). The reaction is evacuated and stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM is removed under reduced pressure to give the crude free amine, which may be used in the next reaction without purification.

Derivatisation with R¹X when X═C(═O):

To the free amine (1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) is added DIPEA (1 mmol.), BOP reagent (1.5 mmol) and acid component R¹CO₂H (1.5 mmol). The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. Rotary evaporation and preparative HPLC gives the purified adduct.

Example 7 General Procedure—U Modification Via P³ Deprotection and Dialkylation with Dibromide

The procedure adopted for modification of U via deprotection and derivatization will vary depending on the exact nature of the U group. As will be appreciated by a skilled addressee a large number of modifications are possible, and a skilled worker in the art will readily be able to determine an appropriate procedure for the conversion into a desired R group. Nevertheless in order to assist the reader, one general modification procedure commonly employed for a number of the following examples is provided.

P³=Boc:

To the protected amine (1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) is added TFA (5 mL) and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. DCM (20 mL) is added and the solution is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to give the crude amine. To the crude amine is added DMF (0.5 mL), potassium carbonate (50 mg) and 1,5-dibromopentane (5 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hrs, after which DCM (20 mL) is added, the organic layer washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL) and H₂O (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated. The residue may be purified by preparative HPLC to give the piperidinyl product. The purified product is isolated as the TFA salt, but is readily converted into the free base via neutralisation with aqueous NaHCO₃ and extraction into an organic solvent, or further converted into the HCl salt by acidification with 1N HCl.

Example 8 Synthesis of Compound 8 N-(2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-naphthamide

To a mixture of 2-naphthoic acid (5.8 g, 33.7 mmol), 2-amino-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (Gly Weinreb amide; prepared from Boc-Gly Weinreb amide 15 as in Example 43) (3.8 g, 32.1 mmol) and DIPEA (12.0 mL, 68.9 mmol) in DCM (70 mL) was added BOP (14.9 g, 33.7 mmol) in one portion at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hr then saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution was added. The organic layer was washed with brine (5×60 mL) and 1 N HCl (2×30 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which was used in the next reaction without further purification.

Example 9 Synthesis of Compound 9 N-(2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-naphthamide

To a solution of 8 (3.5 g, 12.85 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was added a solution of vinylmagnesium bromide in THF (1 M, 31 mL) slowly at 0° C. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr then was poured into an icy 1 N HCl solution (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×80 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. MS (ESI) 240 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.46 min.

Example 10 Synthesis of Compound 10 N-(4-(3,5-dichlorobenzylamino)-2-oxobutyl)-2-naphthamide

To a solution of 3,5-dichlorobenzylamine (12 mg, 0.068 mmol) in DCM (0.2 mL) was added a solution of 9 (13 mg, 0.054 mmol) in DCM (0.5 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred until all of the 9 had been consumed (within one hr) and then was used straight in the next reaction. MS (ESI) 415 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.00 min.

Example 11 Synthesis of Compound 11 (S)—N-(4-(5-(3-Pbf-guanidino)-2-(Fmoc-amino)-N-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)pentanamido)-2-oxobutyl)-2-naphthamide

To a solution of freshly prepared aminoketone 10 in DCM (2 mL) was added Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH (53 mg, 0.082 mmol) followed by DIC (12.5 μl, 0.082 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hrs then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was filtered through a short plug of silica gel eluting with DCM followed by EtOAc to give the desired product 11 as a white solid. It was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 1045 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 9.99 min.

Example 12 Synthesis of Compound 12 (S)—N-(4-(5-(3-Pbf-guanidino)-2-amino-N-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)pentanamido)-2-oxobutyl)-2-naphthamide

Diethylamine (0.5 mL) was added to Fmoc-protected 11 (56 mg, 0.054 mmol) at room temperature and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. The excess amount of the diethylamine was removed under reduced pressure to give the desired free amine 12. It was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 823 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.49 min.

Example 13 Synthesis of Compound 13 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-(3-Pbf-guanidino)propyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

The amino ketone 12 (44 mg, 0.053 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was cyclized by addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (40 mg, 0.18 mmol) in one portion at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hrs, followed by addition of saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×3 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was filtered through a short plug of silica gel eluting with DCM followed by EtOAc then EtOAc/IPA (9:1) to give the desired product 13 as a white solid. It was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 807 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.75 min.

Example 14 Synthesis of Compound 14 N-(((3S,5S)-1-((3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

A solution of TFA/DCM (2:1) (1 mL) with 5% H₂O was added to 13 at room temperature and the resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hrs. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by prep HPLC (100% H₂O to MeCN/H₂O 9:1, gradient) to give 14 (7.6 mg) as a white solid (TFA salt). The overall yield (from 9) was ca. 18%. MS (ESI) 556.2 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.74 min.

Example 15 Synthesis of Compound 15 tert-butyl 2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethylcarbamate (Boc-Gly Weinreb amide)

To a stirred mixture of Boc-Gly-OH (20 g, 114.1 mmol), DIPEA (19.8 mL, 114.1 mmol) and BOP (50.5 g, 114.1 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added a pre-mixed solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (11.2 g, 114.1 mmol) and DIPEA (19.8 mL, 114.1 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 h then washed with 1N HCl (3×120 mL), H₂O (3×120 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×120 mL) and brine (40 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 15 as a white solid (20 g, 80%), which was used in the next step without further purification.

MS (ESI) 219 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 4.12 min.

Example 16 Synthesis of Compound 16 tert-butyl 2-oxobut-3-enylcarbamate

At 0° C. a solution of vinylmagnesium bromide in THF (184 mL, 1 M) was added in one portion to Weinreb amide 15 (20 g, 91.6 mmol) under nitrogen with stirring. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir for 2 h, and poured into a 1N HCl/ice mixture (400 mL). The aqueous mixture was extracted with DCM (5×100 mL), the combined DCM extract was washed with 1N HCl (2×100 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), then dried over MgSO₄. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure gave the ketone 16 (12.9 g, 76%) as a pale yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 186 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 4.19 min.

Example 17 Synthesis of Compound 17 tert-butyl 4-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-2-oxobutylcarbamate

To a stirred solution of 2,2-diphenylethylamine (0.33 g, 1.66 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added α,β-unsaturated ketone 16 (0.31 g, 1.66 mmol) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 2 h; the crude reaction mixture of 17 was used in the next step without purification. MS (ESI) 383 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.98 min

Example 18 Synthesis of Compound 18 (S)-tert-butyl 3-methyl-4,8-dioxo-10-phenyl-2,9-dioxa-3,7-diazadecane-6-carboxylate

To a suspension of Cbz-L-Asp-OtBu-DCHA salt (10.1 g, 20.0 mmol), N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine-HCl (5.9 g, 60.5 mmol) and DIPEA (12.0 mL, 68.9 mmol) in DCM (150 mL) was added BOP (10.6 g, 24.0 mmol) in one portion at room temperature. The resulting suspension was stirred for 3 hrs then H₂O (100 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed with 1 N HCl (2×100 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (2×100 mL) and brine (3×100 mL) and then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (PET ether/EtOAc 1:2) gave 18 (6.4 g, 87%) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI) 367 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.87 min.

Example 19 Synthesis of Compound 19 (S)-3-methyl-4,8-dioxo-10-phenyl-2,9-dioxa-3,7-diazadecane-6-carboxylic acid

Compound 18 (300 mg, 0.82 mmol) was dissolved in a TFA/DCM (1:1) solution (2 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was re-dissolved in DCM (10 mL). This solution was washed with 1 N HCl (1×10 mL) and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product 19 (235 mg, 92%), which was used in the next reaction without further purification. MS (ESI) 311 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 4.96 min.

Example 20 Synthesis of Compound 20 (S)-benzyl 8-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3,16,16-trimethyl-4,7,11,14-tetraoxo-2,15-dioxa-3,8,13-triazaheptadecan-6-ylcarbamate

Compound 20 was prepared from Compound 17 and 19 following the procedure of Example 5. MS (ESI) 675 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 8.31 min.

Example 21 Synthesis of Compound 21 tert-butyl((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl) methylcarbamate

A mixture of crude 20 (350 mg) and 5% Pd/C (200 mg) in 2-propanol (15 mL) was shaken at room temperature under hydrogen (30 psi) for 24 hrs. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (100% of EtOAc) gave 21 (175 mg, 65% over 3 steps) as a white solid. MS (ESI) 525 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.24 min.

Example 22 Synthesis of Compound 22 2-((2S,7S)-7-(aminomethyl)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide

Compound 21 (175 mg, 0.333 mmol) was dissolved in a TFA/DCM (1:1) solution (1 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL). Saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) were added to the above solution and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (9×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product 22 (120 mg, 85%) as a yellow solid, which was used in the next reaction without further purification. MS (ESI) 425 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.20 min.

Example 23 Synthesis of Compound 23 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide

To a solution of 22 (50 mg, 0.118 mmol) and 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid (27 mg, 0.142 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added DIC (22 μl, 0.142 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hrs then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (eluting with Petroleum ether:EtOAc (1:1) then EtOAc) gave 23 (29 mg, 41%) as a white solid. MS (ESI) 597 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.75 min.

Example 24 Synthesis of Compound 24 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-oxoethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide

To a solution of 23 (29 mg, 0.049 mmol) in dry THF (1 mL) was added LiAlH(OtBu)₃ (38 mg, 0.145 mmol) in one portion at room temperature and the resulting suspension was stirred overnight. This suspension was then slowly poured into a cold (0° C.) 0.4 M KHSO₄ aqueous solution (2 mL, 0.8 mmol) and the resulting mixture was diluted with EtOAc (3 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×3 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with 1 N HCl (3×6 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (1×6 mL), and brine (1×6 mL). The organic solution was then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product 24 (24 mg, 91%), which was used in the next reaction without further purification. MS (ESI) 538 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.41 min.

Example 25 Synthesis of Compound 25 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide

To a solution of 24 (24 mg, 0.044 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added diethylamine (55 μl, 0.532 mmol) at room temperature. After stirring for 5 mins, NaBH(OAc)₃ (20 mg, 0.090 mmol) was added to the above solution in one portion and the resulting suspension was stirred for another 10 mins. Saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (4 mL) was added to the suspension and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×4 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. This crude product was purified by prep HPLC (100% H₂O to MeCN/H₂O 9:1, gradient) to give the 25 as a white solid (TFA salt). MS (ESI) 595.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.22 min.

Example 26 Synthesis of Compound 26 benzyl 2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethylcarbamate

To Cbz-glycine (10 g, 47.8 mmol, Aldrich) in DCM (100 mL) was added BOP reagent (21.5 g, 48.6 mmol) and DIPEA (6.5 mL, 46.0 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 10 mins, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.9 g, 50.2 mmol) and DIPEA (6.5 mL, 46.0 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue taken up in EtOAc (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with H₂O (3×100 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (3×100 mL), H₂O (3×100 mL), 1M HCl (3×100 mL), brine (3×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and the EtOAc removed to give the Weinreb amide 26 as a white solid (7.78 g, 64%).

Example 27 Synthesis of Compound 27 benzyl 2-oxobut-3-enylcarbamate

To the Weinreb amide 26 (3.89 g, 15.42 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. was added vinyl magnesium bromide (45 mmol) in THF (45 mL). The reaction was stirred for 2 hrs and monitored by HPLC. The reaction was added to a mixture of ice and 1M HCl (200 mL). The aqueous mixture was extracted with DCM (3×100 mL) and washed with 1M HCl (2×200 mL) and H₂O (3×100 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and the volume reduced to 100 mL by rotary evaporation. The α,β-unsaturated ketone 27 was stored and used in solution without purification.

Example 28 Synthesis of Compound 28 (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 10-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-18-phenyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaoctadecan-8-ylcarbamate

To 2,2-diphenylethylamine (0.95 g, 7.4 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added the αβ-unsaturated ketone 27 (5.7 mmol) in DCM (75 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 15 mins, Fmoc-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid(Boc)-OH (2.4 g, 8.55 mmol) and DIC (0.87 mL, 5.6 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc (1:1 to 0:1) to give 28 (1.5 g, 31%)

Alternatively, to 2,2-diphenylethylamine (0.97 g, 7.4 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added the α,β-unsaturated ketone 27 (5.95 mmol) in DCM (40 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 15 mins, Fmoc-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid(Boc)-OH (2.4 g, 8.55 mmol), DIPEA (2.5 mL) and HATU (2.3 g, 6.0 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×100 mL), saturated ammonium chloride solution (2×100 mL) and brine (2×100 mL). The organic phase was dried and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc (3:1 to 1:1 to 0:1) to give 28 (0.86 g, 17%).

Example 29 Synthesis of Compound 29 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To Compound 28 (1.5 g, 1.8 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added diethylamine (1.5 mL, 14.5 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM and diethylamine was removed by rotary evaporation. DCM (5 mL), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.4 g, 1.9 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the DCM removed to give the cyclised product 29, which was used in the next step without purification.

Example 30 Synthesis of Compound 30 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-aminomethyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the cyclised product 29 in methanol (5 mL) was added catalytic Pd/C. The reaction was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation to give the amine 30 (0.7 g, 83% from 28).

Example 31 Synthesis of Compound 31 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-fluoro-2-naphthamide

To the amine 30 (0.08 g, 0.17 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.25 mL), BOP reagent (0.08 g, 0.18 mmol) and 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid (0.06 g, 0.32 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. TFA (1 mL) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. Rotary evaporation and preparative HPLC gave 31 (0.05 g, 54%). MS (ESI) 539.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) min 5.92

Example 32 Synthesis of Compound 32 6-chloro-2-naphthoic acid

A suspension of 6-bromo-2-naphthoic acid (3.0 g, 11.47 mmol), CuCl (11.7 g, 114.64 mmol) and CuI (2.19 g, 11.50 mmol) in degassed DMF (45 mL) was heated to reflux under argon in dark for 4 hrs. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was decanted into H₂O (200 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×500 mL). The combined organic layers were then washed with H₂O (4×500 mL) followed by brine (1×500 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was trituated with CH₃CN and the solid obtained was then re-crystallized from EtOAc to give the pure product 32 (2.2 g, 93%) as a off-white solid. HPLC t_(R) 6.47 min.

Example 33 Synthesis of Compound 33 (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide

To the amine (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide (21 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.25 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (5 mg) and 1,5-dibromopropane (0.066 mL, 0.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was left at room temperature for 4 hrs. The solvent was removed under high vacuum, and the residue purified by preparative HPLC to give 8 mg (˜30%) of 33 as the TFA salt. MS (ESI) 599.4 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) min 6.31

Example 34 Synthesis of Compound 34 (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 10-(2-phenylbutyl)-2,2-dimethyl-18-phenyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaoctadecan-8ylcarbamate

To 2-phenylbutylamine hydrochloride (0.26 g, 1.4 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) and DIPEA (0.25 mL, 1.8 mmol) was added the α,β-unsaturated ketone 27 (1.06 mmol) in DCM (20 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 15 mins, Fmoc-diaminobutyric acid(Boc)-OH (0.7 g, 1.56 mmol) and DIC (0.25 mL, 1.61 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc (1:1 to 0:1), providing Compound 34 as a mixture of diastereomers (0.17 g, 21%).

Example 35 Synthesis of Compound 35 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To Compound 34 (0.17 g, 0.2 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added diethylamine (1.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM and diethylamine was removed by rotary evaporation. DCM (5 mL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.1 g, 0.47 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the DCM removed to give the cyclised product 35 as a mixture of diastereomers (0.11 g, 100%).

Example 36 Synthesis of Compound 36 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(aminomethyl)-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the cyclised product 35 (0.11 g) in methanol (5 mL) was added catalytic Pd/C. The reaction was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation to give the amine 36 as a mixture of diastereomers (0.11 g, 100%).

Example 37 Synthesis of Compound 37 (3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-(N-2-naphthamidomethyl)-1-(2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the amine 36 (0.02 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.7 mmol), BOP reagent (0.02 mg, 0.045 mmol) and 2-naphthoic acid (0.015 mg, 0.09 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. TFA (1 mL) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. Rotary evaporation and preparative HPLC gave 37 as a mixture of diastereomers (13.4 mg, 57%). MS (ESI) 473.4 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.59 min

Example 38 Synthesis of Compounds 38-39 N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide and N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

Prepared from Compound 37 by alkylation as in Example 33. Preparative HPLC purification separated the two diastereomers. The correct configuration was assigned by resynthesis of the compounds using (S)-2-phenylbutylamine 43 or (R)-2-phenylbutylamine. 38: MS (ESI) 541.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.78 min; 39: MS (ESI) 541.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.67 min

Example 39 Synthesis of Compound 40 (S)-2-phenylbutanol

To a suspension of sodium borohydride (2.36 g, 62.4 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added a solution of (S)-2-phenylbutyric acid (4.27 g, 26.0 mmol) in THF (40 mL) slowly at 0° C. The mixture was stirred until the evolution of gas ceased. A solution of iodine (6.60 g, 26.0 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was then added slowly at 0° C. After addition, the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hr. The reaction solution was then slowly poured into a 1 N HCl solution (280 mL) and the resulting mixture was diluted with EtOAc (250 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (150 mL×3) and the combined organic layers were then washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (aq), 0.5 M Na₂S₂O₃ (aq) and brine. This organic solution was dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (Petroleum ether:EtOAc 4:1) gave the desired product 40 as a colorless oil in quantitative yield. HPLC t_(R) 5.24 min.

Example 40 Synthesis of Compound 41 (S)-1-mesyloxy-2-phenylbutane

To a mixture of 40 (3.9 g, 26.0 mmol) and triethylamine (5.5 mL, 39.5 mmol) in DCM (90 mL) was added a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (4.47 g, 39.0 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) slowly at 0° C. After addition, the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hrs. 1 N HCl (70 mL) was then added to the above mixture and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (1×70 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product 41 as a colorless oil. This crude product was used in the next step without further purification. HPLC t_(R) 6.48 min.

Example 41 Synthesis of Compound 42 (S)-1-azido-2-phenylbutane

A suspension of 41 (5.93 g, 26.0 mmol) and sodium azide (5.7 g, 78.0 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was heated at 85° C. for 3 hrs. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with H₂O (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (250 mL). The organic layer was then washed with H₂O (4×150 mL) followed by brine (150 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (100% petroleum ether as the eluent) gave the pure product 42 (4.03 g, 88%) as a colorless oil. HPLC t_(R) 7.67 min.

Example 42 Synthesis of Compound 43 (S)-2-phenylbutylamine

A mixture of 42 (4.0 g, 22.8 mmol) and Lindlar's catalyst (1.5 g) in EtOAc (50 mL) was shaken at room temperature under H₂ (40 psi) over-night. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product 43 (3.4 g, 100%) as a light yellowish oil. This crude product was used for the conjugate addition reactions without further purification. MS (ESI) 150 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 1.84 min.

Example 43 Synthesis of Compound 44 allyl 2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethylcarbamate

To Alloc-glycine (1.45 g, 9.1 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added BOP reagent (3.3 g, 7.46 mmol) and DIPEA (1.5 mL, 10.7 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 10 mins, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.8 g, 8.2 mmol) and DIPEA (1.5 mL, 10.7 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue taken up in EtOAc (100 mL). The organic phase was washed with H₂O (3×100 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (3×50 mL), H₂O (3×50 mL), 1M HCl (3×50 mL), brine (3×50 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and the EtOAc removed to give the Weinreb amide 44 as a white solid (0.43 g, 23%).

Alternatively, tert-butyl 2-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethylcarbamate 16 (Boc-Gly Weinreb amide, 1.4 g, 6.4 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) and TFA (3 mL) were stirred at room temperature 1 hr. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, followed by addition of DCM (20 mL) and then DIPEA until basic. The solution was cooled to 0° C. and allyl chloroformate added (1.4 mL, 13.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was neutralised with 1M HCl and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc (1:1 to 0:1), providing 44 (0.86 g, 66%).

Example 44 Synthesis of Compound 45 allyl 2-oxobut-3-enylcarbamate

To the Weinreb amide 44 (0.43 g, 2.1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at 0° C. was added vinyl magnesium bromide (10 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The reaction was stirred for 2 hrs and monitored by HPLC. The reaction was added to a mixture of ice and 1M HCl (100 mL). The aqueous mixture was extracted with DCM (3×50 mL) and washed with 1M HCl (2×100 mL) and H₂O (3×50 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO₄) and the volume reduced to 50 mL by rotary evaporation. The α,β-unsaturated ketone 45 was stored and used in solution without further purification.

Example 45 Synthesis of Compound 46 (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 10-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaiscos-19-en-8-ylcarbamate

To 3,5-dichlorobenzylamine (0.49 g, 2.8 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added the α,β-unsaturated ketone 45 (2.12 mmol) in DCM (10 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 15 mins, Fmoc-diaminobutyric acid(Boc)-OH (1.35 g, 3.1 mmol) and DIC (0.5 mL, 3.2 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc (1:1 to 0:1), providing compound 46 (0.48 g, 22%).

Example 46 Synthesis of Compound 47 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(allyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyll)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To Compound 46 (0.48 g, 0.63 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added diethylamine (1.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM and diethylamine was removed by rotary evaporation. DCM (5 mL), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.2 g, 0.94 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the DCM removed to give the cyclised product 47 (0.24 g, 72%).

Example 47 Synthesis of Compound 48 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-aminomethyl-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the cyclised product 47 (0.24 g, 0.45 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (13 mg, 0.08 mmol) and palladium tetrakis triphenylphosphine (5 mg). The reaction was evacuated and stirred and room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM was removed under reduced pressure to give the crude product 48 (0.15 g. 75%) which was used in the next reaction without purification.

Example 48 Synthesis of Compound 49 (3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-((2-naphthoylaminomethyl)-1-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the amine 48 (0.05 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.7 mmol), BOP reagent (0.05 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 2-naphthoic acid (0.04 mg, 0.23 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. TFA (1 mL) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. Rotary evaporation and preparative HPLC gave 49 (48 mg, 90%). MS (ESI) 499.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.77 min

Example 49 Synthesis of Compound 50 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthalene-2-sulfonamide

Prepared from allyl 2-oxobut-3-enylcarbamate 45, Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH and 2,2-diphenylethylamine according the procedures of Examples 46-48, with the following modification: the Boc group was removed with TFA during the deprotection/cyclization procedure of Example 47, rather thane using diethylamine for Fmoc removal. Following Alloc deprotection by the procedure of Example 48, the free amine was dissolved in DCM to which was added naphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride (10 mg) and DIPEA (20 μL) and the reaction stirred for 2 h at room temperature. Diethylamine (1 mL) was added and stirred overnight to remove the Fmoc protection, and the reaction evaporated to dryness. Preparative HPLC gave title compound 50 (13 mg). MS (ESI) 613.5 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.89 min.

Example 50 Synthesis of Compound 51 (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 10-(2-ethylbutyl)-2,2-dimethyl-18-phenyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaoctadecan-8-ylcarbamate

To 2-ethylbutylamine (0.15 g, 1.48 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added the α,β-unsaturated ketone 27 (1.47 mmol) in DCM (30 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 15 mins, Fmoc-diaminobutyric acid(Boc)-OH (0.95 g, 2.16 mmol) and DIC (0.34 mL, 2.19 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The DCM was removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel using petroleum spirit:EtOAc (1:1 to 0:1), providing Compound 51 (0.5 g, 46%).

Example 51 Synthesis of Compound 52 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To Compound 51 (0.5 g, 0.67 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added diethylamine (1.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The DCM and diethylamine were removed by rotary evaporation. DCM (5 mL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.2 g, 0.94 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (25 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and the DCM removed to give the crude cyclised product 52 (0.4 g).

Example 52 Synthesis of Compound 53 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(aminomethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the cyclised product 52 (0.4 g) in methanol (5 mL) was added catalytic Pd/C. The reaction was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation to give the amine 53 (0.17 g, 68% from 51).

Example 53 Synthesis of Compound 54 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

To the amine 53 (0.030 g, 0.08 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.7 mmol), BOP reagent (0.03 g, 0.07 mmol) and 2-naphthoic acid (0.025 g, 0.14 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. TFA (1 mL) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. Rotary evaporation and preparative HPLC gave Compound 54 (23 mg, 68%). MS (ESI) 425.7 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.27

Example 54 Synthesis of Compound 55 (3S,5S)-3-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-5-(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To Compound 54 (0.25 g, 0.5 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (1.5 mL), with the solution stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. DCM (20 mL) was added and the solution was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give the crude amine (0.16 g). To this was added DMF (0.25 mL), potassium carbonate (10 mg) and 1,5-dibromopentane (0.35 mL, 2.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hrs, after which DCM (20 mL) was added, the organic layer washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (20 mL) and H₂O (20 mL), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to give crude 55, which was used in the next reaction without purification.

Example 55 Synthesis of Compound 56 (3S,5S)-3-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-5-aminomethyl-1-(2-ethylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To the cyclised product 55 (0.4 g) in methanol (5 mL) was added catalytic Pd/C. The reaction was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation to give the amine 56 (0.12 g).

Example 56 Synthesis of Boc-L-Glu(piperidine)-OH 57 (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-5-(piperidin-1-yl)pentanoic acid

HATU (2.5 g) and DIPEA (1.5 mL) was added to Boc-L-Glu(OH)—OBn (2.0 g) in DCM (50 mL), stirred for 10 min, then piperidine (0.7 mL) was added and the reaction stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was washed with sodium bibicarbonate solution (2×), saturated NH₄Cl (2×), brine (2×), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and evaporated to give 2.9 g of Boc-L-Glu(piperidine)-OBn. The benzyl ester (0.6 g) was dissolved in EtOH (15 mL) with catalytic Pd/C and hydrogenated for 1 h, filtered over Celite, and the EtOH evaporated by rotary evaporation to give 0.51 g of 57.

Example 57 Synthesis of Compound 58 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropyl)-5-[benzyloxycarbonyl(methylamino)methyl]-1-(2,2 diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

Prepared from Cbz-Sar, 2,2-diphenylethylamine and Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc) according to the procedures of Examples 27-30.

Example 58 Synthesis of Compound 59 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropyl)-5-(methylamino)methyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4 diazepan-2-one

The cyclised product 58 (1.9 g) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) with catalytic Pd/C and hydrogenated under a hydrogen atmosphere (40 psi) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the methanol removed by rotary evaporation to give the amine 59 (1.86 g, 97%).

Example 59 Synthesis of Compound 60 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-bromo-N-methyl-2-naphthamide

The amine 59 was coupled with 6-bromo-2-naphthoic acid then deprotected with TFA according to Example 31. Rotary evaporation and preparative HPLC gave 60 (7.8 mg). MS (ESI) 629.4 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.27 min.

Example 60 Synthesis of Compound 61 (3S,5S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropyl)-5-(6-bromo-2-naphthamidomethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

Prepared from 2,2-diphenylethylamine, Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc) and 6-bromo-2-naphthoic acid according to the procedures of Examples 28-31, without the TFA deprotection step of Example 31.

Example 61 Synthesis of Compound 62 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-bromo-2-naphthamide

Compound 61 (20.8 mg) was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and treated with methyl iodide (6 μL) at room temperature for 1 week. Additional methyl iodide (0.5 mL) and K₂CO₃ were added and the reaction left at room temperature for an additional 2 days. TFA (2 mL) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Rotary evaporation followed by evaporation under high vacuum then preparative HPLC gave 62 (8.5 mg). MS (ESI) 629.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.22 min.

Example 62 Synthesis of Compound 63 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

Obtained from 9,2,2-diphenylethylamine and Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc) according to Examples 10-12. The Boc group was removed under standard conditions to give the free amine. MS (ESI) 535 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.78 min

Example 63 Synthesis of Compound 64 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

The amine 63 (0.79 g, 1.48 mmol), 1,5-dibromopentane (0.2 mL, 1.48 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.79 g) in DMF (11 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with ethylacetate (30 mL), washed with H₂O (5×30 mL), brine (10 mL) and dried over MgSO₄. Purification by preparative HPLC yielded 64 (0.23 g, 25%) MS (ESI) 603.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.04 min

Example 64 Synthesis of Compound 65 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-(isopropylamino)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

To a stirred mixture of the amine 63 (11 mg, 0.02 mmol), acetone (2 mL) and MgSO₄ (50 mg) in DCM (5 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (8.5 mg, 0.04 mmol) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 2 h, the mixture was concentrated, re-dissolved in EtOAc (5 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by preparative HPLC yielded 65 (9.5 mg, 80%). MS (ESI) 577.2 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.97 min.

Example 65 Synthesis of Compound 66 tert-butyl(methylamino)(methylthio)methylenecarbamate

DIAD (2.7 mL, 13.8 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of thiopseudourea (2.0 g, 6.9 mmol), PPh₃ (3.6 g, 13.8 mmol), and MeOH (0.55 mL, 13.8 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen. Stirring continued at 0° C. for 3 h then at room temperature for 16 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was re-dissolved in EtOAc, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), and dried over MgSO₄. Purification by silica gel chromatography using 20% EtOAc in petroleum ether as eluent gave 66 (1.63 g, 78%) as a colourless oil. MS (ESI) 305 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.97 min.

Example 66 Synthesis of Compound 67 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-(3-methylguanidino)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

A mixture of Compound 63 (10 mg, 0.019 mmol), guanylating agent 66 (56.9 mg, 0.19 mmol) and DIPEA (6.6 μL, 0.038 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. TFA (5 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give 67 (0.53 mg, 4.7%) as a white solid. MS (ESI) 591.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.94 min

Example 67 Synthesis of Compound 68 (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 1-phenyl-10-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-18,18-dimethyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-2,17-dioxa-4,10,15-triazanonadecan-8-ylcarbamate

To a stirred mixture of Fmoc-L-Orn(Cbz)-OH (1.78 g, 3.65 mmol), DIPEA (0.64 mL, 3.65 mmol) and HATU (1.39 g, 3.65 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added a solution of amine 17 at room temperature. Stirring continued for 3 h, the reaction mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, with the crude 68 used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 853 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 9.90 min.

Example 68 Synthesis of Compound 69 (S)-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl 7-((4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxobutyl)(2,2-diphenylethyl)carbamoyl)-3-methyl-1,3-diazepane-1-carboxylate

A mixture of 68 (136 mg, 0.159 mmol) and Pd/C (20 mg) in ethanol (5 mL) was shaken under H₂ at 30 psi for 16 h, then filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude amine (90 mg, 78%). The amine (90 mg, 0.125 mmol) was treated with excess formaldehyde solution in H₂O (37 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (23.5 mg, 0.375 mmol). After 1 h, the reaction mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 745 (M+1); HPLC; HPLC t_(R) 7.83 min.

Example 69 Synthesis of Compound 70 (S)-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl 7-((4-(2-naphthamido)-3-oxobutyl)(2,2-diphenylethyl)-carbamoyl)-3-methyl-1,3-diazepane-1-carboxylate

Compound 69 (8 mg, 0.011 mmol) was treated with 1:1 v/v trifluoacetic acid/DCM mixture (2 mL) for 30 min at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, re-dissolved in DCM (5 mL), washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (5 mL) and brine (5 mL), dried over MgSO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was then treated with a mixture of 2-naphthoic acid (1.8 mg, 0.011 mmol), DIPEA (5.7 μL, 0.033 mmol) and BOP (4.8 mg, 0.011 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) with stirring at room temperature. After 3 h, the reaction mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 799 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.90 min.

Example 70 Synthesis of Compound 71 N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-(methylamino)propyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

To a stirred solution of 70 (0.011 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added diethylamine (5 mL) at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for 1 h, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was re-dissolved in DCM (5 mL) followed by addition sodium triacetoxyborohydride (5 mg, 0.08 mmol) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 1 h, with the resulting mixture washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. Purification by preparative HPLC yielded 71 (0.21 mg) as a white solid. MS (ESI) 549.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.93 min

Example 71 Synthesis of Compound 72 (S)-2-(allyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)propanoic acid

To a stirred mixture of L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine hydrochloride (5.0 g, 19.8 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (7.3 g, 69.3 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL) in H₂O (50 mL) was added allylchloroformate (2.1 mL, 19.8 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 h then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with ethylacetate (50 mL), and at 0° C. acidified to pH 2. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethylacetate (3×20 mL), the combined organic phase was washed with H₂O (50 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 72 as a colourless oil (5.8 g, 97%), which was used in the next step without further purification. HPLC t_(R) 6.60 min.

Example 72 Synthesis of Compound 73 (S)-allyl 1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylcarbamate

To a stirred mixture of the acid 72 (5.84 g, 19.5 mmol), DIPEA (3.7 mL, 2.09 mmol) and BOP (8.63 g, 19.5 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added a pre-mixed solution of N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.9 g, 19.5 mmol) and DIPEA (7.3 mL, 41.6 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 16 h the reaction mixture was washed with 1N HCl (3×60 mL), H₂O (3×60 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×60 mL) and brine (60 mL), dried over MgSO₄. Purification by silica gel chromatography using 20% ethylacetate in petroleum ether as eluent gave 73 (4.83 g, 71%) as a colourless oil. MS (ESI) 343 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.07 min.

Example 73 Synthesis of Compound 74 (S)-allyl 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-oxopent-4-en-2-ylcarbamate

At 0° C. a solution of vinylmagnesium bromide in THF (11.5 mL, 1 M) was added in one portion to Weinreb amide 73 (1.58 g, 4.62 mmol) under nitrogen with stirring. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir for 2 h, and poured into a 1N HCl/ice mixture (50 mL). The aqueous mixture was extracted with DCM (3×20 mL), the combined DCM extract was washed with 1N HCl (50 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (50 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure producing the product 74 (1.14 g, 80%), which was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 310 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.51 min.

Example 74 Synthesis of Compound 75 (S)-allyl 5-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-oxopentan-2-ylcarbamate

To a stirred solution of 2,2-diphenylethylamine (0.45 g, 2.3 mmol) in DCM (55 mL) was added the vinyl ketone 74 (0.71 g, 2.3 mmol) in one portion. Stirring continued for 2 h, with the reaction mixture used in the next step without purification. MS (ESI) 507 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 7.22 min.

Example 75 Synthesis of Compound 76 (S)-allyl 5-(N-(Boc-L-Arg(Cbz)₂)2,2-diphenylethylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-3-oxopentan-2-ylcarbamate

To a stirred solution of the amine adduct 75 (2.3 mmol) was added a mixture of Boc-Arg(Cbz)₂-OH (1.25 g, 2.3 mmol), DIPEA (0.8 mL, 4.6 mmol) and HATU (0.87 g, 2.3 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 16 h, after which the reaction mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×20 mL) and brine (10 mL) then dried over MgSO₄. Purification by silica gel chromatography using 20% ethylacetate in petroleum ether as eluent gave 76 as a colourless oil (708 mg, 30% over 3 steps). MS (ESI) 1031 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 10.80 min.

Example 76 Synthesis of Compound 77 allyl(S)-1-((3S,5RS)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(bis Cbz 3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylcarbamate

To a stirred solution of acyclic intermediate 76 (0.48 g, 0.47 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (5 mL) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 30 min, after which the mixture was diluted with DCM (20 mL) then washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×20 mL) and brine (10 mL), and dried over MgSO₄. To the resulting solution was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.2 g, 0.94 mmol) with stirring at room temperature, after 30 min the mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×20 mL) and brine (10 mL), then dried over MgSO₄. The crude 77, a mixture of diastereomers at the diazepan-2-one C5, was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 915 (M+1)

Example 77 Synthesis of Compound 78 bis(Cbz) 1-(3-((2S,7RS)-7-((S)-1-amino-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)propyl)guanidine

A mixture of compound 77 (36 mg, 0.039 mmol), 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (7.4 mg, 0.047 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ in DCM (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature under vacuum for 4 h. The resulting mixture was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) 832 (M+1)

Example 78 Synthesis of Compounds 79 and 80 N—((S)-1-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide and N—((S)-1-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)acetamide

A solution of the amine 78 (0.09 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was treated with acetic anhydride (8.6 μL, 0.09 mmol) with stirring at room temperature. After 3 h the mixture was concentrated, re-dissolved in EtOAc, washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL), Pd/C (5 mg) was added, and the solution shaken under H₂ at 20 psi for 16 h. The reaction was filtered, concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC to give the preferred diastereomer 79 (3 mg) and the less preferred diastereomer 80 (6 mg) as white solids.

79: MS (ESI) 606.4 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.033 min

80: MS (ESI) 606.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.046 min

Example 79 Synthesis of Compounds 81 and 82 (S)-2-acetamido-N—((S)-1-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanamide and (S)-2-acetamido-N—((S)-1-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanamide

To a stirred mixture of Ac-L-His-OH (33.6 mg, 0.156 mmol), DIPEA (112.5 μL, 0.312 mmol) and BOP (68.8 mg, 0.156 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added the amine 78 (0.039 mmol) at room temperature. Stirring continued for 16 h, then the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM/H₂O mixture (10 mL, 1:1 v/v), and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (3×5 mL). The combined DCM extracts were washed with saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution (3×20 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was re-dissolved in MeOH (5 mL), and Pd/C (20 mg) was added. The resulting mixture was shaken under H₂ at 30 psi for 16 h, then was filtered, concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC to give the preferred diastereomer 81 (1.9 mg) and the less preferred diastereomer 82 (0.9 mg) as white solids.

81: MS (ESI) 743.4 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.489 min

82: MS (ESI) 743.4 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 5.555 min

Example 80 Synthesis of Compounds 83 and 84 propyl(S)-1-((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylcarbamate and propyl(S)-1-((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylcarbamate

A mixture of 77 (36 mg, 0.039 mmol) and Pd/C (5 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) was shaken under H₂ at 20 psi for 16 h, then was filtered, concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC to give the preferred diastereomer 83 (0.07 mg) and the less preferred diastereomer 84 (2.7 mg) as white solids.

83: MS (ESI) 650.3 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.52 min

84: MS (ESI) 650.2 (M+1); HPLC t_(R) 6.64 min

Example 81 Synthesis of Compounds 85-87 1-(3-((2S,7S)-7-(N—R1(R)-1-amino-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-oxo-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)propyl)guanidine

Compounds 85-87 were prepared in the same fashion as the preferred diastereomers Compounds 79, 81 and 83 using the procedures described in Examples 72-81 with D-(2-naphthyl)alanine hydrochloride as the starting material.

Compound R₁ group MS (M + 1) t_(R) (min) 85 Ac 606.2 6.01 86 Ac-His 743.5 5.41 87 Propyloxycarbonyl 650.4 6.42

Examples 82-90 Synthesis via Scheme 2: Preparation of all Four Diastereomers of N-((1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide 88

Example 82 Synthesis of Compound 89 2,2-dimethyl-10-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4,7,11-trioxo-3,12-dioxa-5,10-diazapentadec-14-ene

2,2-diphenylethylamine (3 g) was added to Boc-vinylketone 16 (2.8 g) as in Example 17. To the crude adduct 17 was added Alloc-Cl (1.6 mL) and the reaction stirred until TLC indicated consumption of the secondary amine. THE solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by column chromatography (SiO2 gel, pet. ether/EtOAc) to give 3.2 g (57%) of 89.

Example 83 Synthesis of Compound 90 (S)-allyl 2-amino-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)pentanoate L-H-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl

H-L-Orn(Cbz)-OH (6.66 g, 25 mmol), allyl alcohol (17.56 mL, 25 mmol) and p-TsOH (5.7 g, 30 mmol) were dissolved in benzene (200 mL) and refluxed under Dean-Stark conditions for 5 h. The majority of the solvent was then distilled off, with the remainder removed under vacuum. The resulting solid was recrystallized from DCM, filtered and dried to give 11.19 g (94%) of the tosylate salt. To obtain the free amine the solid was dissolved in DCM, washed with sat. NaHCO₃, the aqueous layer washed with DCM (3×), and the organic layers dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to dryness.

Example 84 Synthesis of Compound 91 (R)-allyl 2-amino-5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)pentanoate D-H-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl

H-D-Orn(Cbz)-OH (6.66 g, 25 mmol) was converted into 10.93 g (91%) of the tosylate salt of 91 as in Example 83, then converted into the free amine.

Example 85 Synthesis of Compound 92 (2R)-allyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(10-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,11-dioxo-3,12-dioxa-5,10-diazapentadec-14-en-7-ylamino)pentanoate

The protected aminoketone 89 (746 mg, 1.6 mmol), D-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl 91 (538 mg, 1.76 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (678 mg, 3.2 mmol) in a minimum volume of DCM were stirred for 24 h. A drop of AcOH was added just before workup, at which point saturated NaHCO₃ was added, extracted with DCM (3×), and the organic extracts combined and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ and H₂O, dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated to dryness. The product was purified by column chromatography (SiO₂ gel, pet. ether/EtOAc) to give 890 mg (74%) of 92 as a mixture of diastereoisomers.

Example 86 Synthesis of Compound 93 (2S)-allyl 5-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-(10-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4,11-dioxo-3,12-dioxa-5,10-diazapentadec-14-en-7-ylamino)pentanoate

L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl 90 (592 mg, 1.93 mmol) was converted into a mixture of the set of diastereomers 93 (925 mg, 76%) following the procedures of Example 86.

Example 87 Synthesis of Compounds 94 and 95 (3R,5S)-5-(N-Boc aminomethyl)-3-(N-Cbz 3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one and (3R,5R)-5-(N-Boc aminomethyl)-3-(N-Cbz 3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

The Alloc/allyl protected derivative 92 (840 mg, 1.11 mmol) was dissolved in a minimum of DCM. 1,3-Dimethylbarbituric acid (346 mg, 2.22 mmol) and catalytic Pd(PPh₃)₄ were added, and the reaction degassed under vacuum, sealed and stirred overnight. The reaction was diluted to 50 mL with DCM, DIPEA (430 mg, 3.33 mmol) and BOP (540 mg, 1.22 mmol) were added, and the reaction stirred for 30 min. The DCM was removed under vacuum and the residue taken up in EtOAc, washed (saturated NaHCO₃, H₂O, saturated NaCl), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to dryness (TLC: EtOAc, 2 spots, R_(f) 0.33 and 0.57). The two diastereomeric products were separated by column chromatography (SiO₂ gel, pet. ether/EtOAc) to give 362 mg of the earlier eluting (3R,5S) isomer 94, and 342 mg of the later eluting (3R,5R) isomer 95.

Example 88 Synthesis of Compounds 96 and 97 (3S,5R)-5-(N-Boc aminomethyl)-3-(N-Cbz 3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one and (3S,5S)-5-(N-Boc aminomethyl)-3-(N-Cbz 3-aminopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

The (3S,5R) (312 mg) and (3S,5S) (331 mg) isomers were obtained from the L-Orn-derived acyclic material 93 (870 mg) following the procedure of Example 87.

Example 89 Synthesis of Compounds 98-101 5-(N-Boc aminomethyl)-3-(N,N′-Cbz₂ 3-guanidinopropyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-one

The Orn Cbz group of 94 was removed by hydrogenation (H₂, 30 psi) over catalytic Pd/C in methanol overnight. The solution was filtered through Celite and evaporated to give a solid. A solution of the resulting amine (187 mg, 0.39 mmol) in DCM was mixed with a solution of the guanylating reagent CbzNHC(═NCbz)NHTf (196 mg, 0.43 mmol) in DCM. TEA (43 mg, 0.43 mmol) was added, and the reaction stirred overnight. The solution was diluted with DCM, washed (KHSO₄, sat. NaHCO₃, brine), dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated to dryness, then purified by flash chromatography over SiO₂ using hexanes/EtOAc as eluent, to give (3R,5S) 98 (182 mg, 59%). The other isomers 95-97 were converted in a similar manner to give:

99 (3R,5R): 171 mg (68%) from 148 mg of amine

100 (3S,5S): 80 mg (65%) from 72 mg of amine

101 (3S,5R):142 mg (58%) from 144 mg of amine

Example 90 Synthesis of Compounds 102-105

-   102     N-(((3R,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   103     N-(((3R,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   104     N-(((3S,5R)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   105     N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-3-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

The Boc derivative 99 (180 mg) in DCM (1 mL) was treated with TFA (1 mL) for 20 mL. The solvent was removed by evaporation, a solution of NaHCO₃ was added, and extracted 3× with DCM. The dichoromethane solution was dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporated to dryness. A portion (56 mg, 0.086 mmol) of the crude deprotected amine in DCM was stirred with 2-naphthoic acid (16 mg), DIPEA (60 uL) and BOP (42 mg) for 30 min. MeOH was added and the reaction stirred overnight. The reaction was filtered, then purified by flash chromatography over SiO₂ using petroleum ether/EtOAc as eluent, to give the (3R,5R) isomer (43 mg, 94%). The other isomers were converted in a similar manner to give: (3R,5S): 41 mg (85%) from 60 mg 98, (3S,5R): 27 mg (70%) from 40 mg 101, and (3S,5S): 13 mg (74%) from 20 mg 100 Each compound was dissolved in dioxane:MeOH and hydrogenated over catalytic Pd/C under 30 psi H₂ overnight. The solution was filtered through Celite and evaporated to give a solid. 102 (3R,5S): 27 mg (96%) from 41 mg, 103 (3R,5R): 25 mg (85%) from 43 mg, 104 (3S,5R): 11 mg (quantitative) from 13 mg, and 105 (3S,5S): 3 mg (73%) from 6 mg.

Compound stereochemistry MS (M + 1) t_(R) (min) 102 (3R,5S) 577.4 5.775 103 (3R,5R) 577.5 5.750 104 (3S,5R) 577.5 5.783 105 (3S,5S) 577.3 5.787

Example 91 Synthesis of Compounds 425, 565, 580-585

-   425     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   565     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   580     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5R)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   581     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5R)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   582     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   583     6-chloro-N-(((3S,5R)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   584     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5S)-2-oxo-1-((R)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide -   585     6-chloro-N-(((3R,5R)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

Compounds 425, 565, and 580-585 were prepared following similar procedures as used to prepare Compounds 102-104 (Scheme 2 route). In addition, compounds 425, 565, 580 and 585 were prepared according to the Scheme 1 route; a detailed procedure for the preparation of Compound 425 is contained in Examples 92-99.

Compound stereochemistry MS (M + 1) t_(R) (min) 425 (3S,5S,2′S) 575.3 6.269 565 (3S,5S,2′R) 574.8 6.265 580 (3R,5R,2′R) 575.4 6.404 581 (3S,5R,2′S) 575.2 6.262 582 (3R,5S,2′S) 575.2 6.110 583 (3S,5R,2′R) 575.1 6.211 584 (3R,5S,2′R) 575.2 6.253 585 (3R,5R,2′S) 575.4 6.274

Example 92 Synthesis of Compound 586 (S)—N-(2-oxo-4-(2-phenylbutylamino)butyl)-3-phenylpropanamide

To a solution of (S)-phenylbutylamine (8.5 g, 57.07 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) was added a solution of α,β-unsaturated ketone 27 (12.5 g, 57.1 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) at room temperature in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred until all of the α,β-unsaturated ketone had been consumed (within one hour), then the conjugate addition adduct 586 was used straight in the next reaction.

HPLC t_(R) 5.71 min

MS (ESI) 369.3 (M+1)

Example 93 Synthesis of Compound 587 (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 10-[(S)-2-phenylbutyl]-2,2-dimethyl-18-phenyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaoctadecan-8-ylcarbamate

To the freshly prepared amine 586 in DCM (200 mL) was added Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)OH (32.7 g, 74.2 mmol) followed by DIPC (11.5 g, 74.2 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours, the by-product diisopropylurea was removed by filtration through a pad of Celite®, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 30-70% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit as eluent to give 587 (19.9 g, 44% yield over two steps).

TLC if 0.23 (50% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit)

HPLC t_(R) 10.03 min

MS (ESI) 791.2 (M+1)

Example 94 Synthesis of Compound 588 (S)-10-[(S)-2-phenylbutyl]-2,2-dimethyl-8-amino-18-phenyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaoctadecane

Diethylamine (30 mL) was added to a solution of the acylated amine 587 (19.9 g, 25.19 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) at room temperature and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. The solvent and diethylamine were removed under reduced pressure to give the desired product 588. It was used in the next step without further purification.

HPLC t_(R) 6.85 min

MS (ESI) 569.3 (M+1)

Example 95 Synthesis of Compound 589 (3S,5S)-3-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl)-5-(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-1-[(S)-2-phenylbutyl]-1,4-diazepan-2-one

To a solution of crude Fmoc deprotected material 588 in DCM (50 ml) was added AcOH (15 mL) followed by NaBH(OAc)₃ (5.34 g, 25.2 mmol) in one portion at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min, then washed with saturated NaHCO₃(aq) solution (80 mL×3), brine (80 mL) and dried over MgSO₄. Filtration and concentration of the organic phase under reduced pressure gave the crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 50-100% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit followed by 20% MeCN/EtOAc to give the product 589 (12.3 g, 88% over two steps).

TLC rf 0.19 (70% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit)

HPLC t_(R) 7.06 min

MS (ESI) 553.3 (M+1)

Example 96 Synthesis of Compound 590 tert-butyl 2-{(2S,7S)-7-aminomethyl-3-oxo-4-[(S)-2-phenylbutyl]-1,4-diazepan-2-yl}ethylcarbamate

A mixture of Cbz-protected product 589 (12.3 g, 22.3 mmol) and 5% Pd/C (2 g) in MeOH (100 mL) was shaken at room temperature under hydrogen at atmospheric pressure for one hour. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite®, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude amine 590. The crude material was used in the next step without further purification.

HPLC t_(R) 5.77 min

MS (ESI) 419.3 (M+1)

Example 97 Synthesis of Compound 591 tert-butyl 2-((2S,7S)-7-((6-chloro-2-naphthamido)methyl)-3-oxo-4-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-2-yl)ethylcarbamate

To a solution of the free amine 590 and 6-chloro-2-naphthoic acid (4.58 g, 22.3 mmol) in DCM (125 ml) was added diisopropylethylamine (7.74 mL, 44.5 mmol) and BOP (9.84 g, 22.3 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred for 16 hours then DCM was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in EtOAc (80 mL), then washed with saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (100 mL×5), brine (100 mL) and dried over MgSO₄. Filtration and concentration of the organic phase gave the crude material, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 80-100% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit as eluent to give the product 591 (10.7 g, 79%).

TLC if 0.31 (80% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit)

HPLC t_(R) 7.66 min

MS (ESI) 607.2 (M+1)

Example 98 Synthesis of Compound 465 N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide

To the Boc protected material 591 (10.7 g, 17.6 mmol) in DCM (26 mL) was added TFA (26 ml) in one portion, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour. DCM was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in EtOAc (30 mL), washed with saturated NaHCO₃(aq) (30 mL×3), brine (30 mL) and dried over MgSO₄. Filtration and concentration of the organic phase under reduced pressure gave the crude amine 465, which was used in the next step without further purification.

HPLC t_(R) 5.98 min

MS (ESI) 507.0 (M+1)

Example 99 Synthesis of Compound 425 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide

To a mixture of crude amine 465 in CH₃CN (800 mL) was added 1,5-dibromopentane (23.9 mL, 175.7 mmol) followed by K₂CO₃ (48.6 g, 351.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 44 hours, monitored by HPLC for conversion of sm (6.0 min) to product (6.4 min), avoiding extended reaction times leading to overalkylation to generate a bromopentyl-alkylated byproduct (7.1 min). During isolation, excessive heating/concentration of the crude solution must be avoided before removal of excess dibromopropane, to avoid overalkylation of the piperidine ring. The K₂CO₃ was removed by filtration through a pad of Celite®, and the filtrate was washed with Pet. Spirit (800 mL×2). The MeCN phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to 400 mL, and was washed with Pet. Spirit (400 mL×2). The MeCN was further concentrated under reduced pressure to 200 mL, and was washed with Pet. Spirit (200 mL×2). Evaporation of the final Pet. Spirit washing showed no more 1,5-dibromopentane was extracted, so the MeCN phase was concentrated under reduced pressure.

Aminopropyl-functionalized TLC rf 0.05-0.47 (80% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit)

Analytical HPLC t_(R) 6.41 min

MS (ESI) 575.2 (M+1).

The crude product was purified by a combination of flash column chromatography over aminopropyl-functionalized silica gel, and/or by recrystallization from acetonitrile.

Flash column: To a column packed with amino propyl-functionalized silica gel (154 g) in 20% ethyl acetate/petroleum spirit was loaded the crude free base oil (7.2 g). The column was eluted with 20% ethyl acetate/petroleum spirit (150 mL), followed by 50% ethyl acetate/petroleum spirit (150 mL), 80% ethyl acetate/petroleum spirit (150 mL×2), 100% ethyl acetate (150 mL) and finally 100% acetonitrile (150 mL). Fractions containing 425 were combined and evaporated to dryness to yield a white crystalline solid.

Crystallization: The white crystalline solid (2.87 g) obtained by column purification was dissolved in boiling acetonitrile (50 mL) 85° C. Activated carbon (Darco® G-60, −100 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich) (200 mg) was added to remove colour impurity. A further portion of acetonitrile (50 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated to boiling for 5 min. The charcoal was filtered off while the solution was hot, with the filter paper and the charcoal rinsed with hot acetonitrile (25 mL). The clear acetonitrile solution was reduced down to 50 mL and left to stand to cool to room temperature for 16 h. The white crystals were filtered off and dried by suction to give 2.22 g (99.0% pure by HPLC analysis). An additional 117.2 mg (93.3% purity) was recovered by additional crystallization from the filtrate.

Conversion to bisHCl Salt: The free base (2.4229 g, 42.1 mmol) was suspended in a 1:1 mixture of acetonitrile and milliQ H₂O (10 mL). A solution of 1 M HCl (aq.) was added until all the solids dissolved (approximately 5 mL). An additional quantity of milliQ H₂O was then added (20 mL) and the resulting solution frozen and lypholised overnight, resulting in a white powder (2.61 g, 95.6% yield).

HPLC t_(R) 6.27 min

MS (ESI) 575.1 (M+1).

¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 0.75 (t, 3H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.90-2.06 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.30 (br, 1H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.86 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.25 (dd, 1H, J=15.2, 10.4 Hz), 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.85 (m, 3H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 4.10 (dd, 1H, J=13.6, 5.6 Hz), 4.45 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.18 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.26 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.37 (dd, 1H, J=9.0, 1.8 Hz), 7.71 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.09 (d, 1H, J=9.0 Hz), 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.68 (m, 1H), 9.85 (br, 1H).

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 11.78, 21.86, 23.08 (2), 24.59, 26.14, 28.09, 42.01, 46.24, 47.22, 53.14, 53.53, 54.03, 56.74, 57.79, 61.96, 125.35, 126.24, 126.89, 127.20, 127.33, 127.85, 128.51, 128.72, 130.69, 130.76, 130.91, 133.48, 135.28, 142.29, 167.18, 167.74

Example 100 Synthesis of Compound 579 6-chloro-N-(([5,6,6-²H₃](3S,5S)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)[²H₂]methyl)-2-naphthamide

Compound 579 was synthesized according to the procedures in Examples 92-99, except that the Fmoc deprotection/reductive amination steps of Examples 94 and 95 were replaced by the following procedures in order to introduce the deuterium atoms.

To a solution of (S)-9-fluorenylmethyl 10-[(S)-2-phenylbutyl]-2,2-dimethyl-18-phenyl-4,9,13,16-tetraoxo-3,17-dioxa-5,10,15-triazaoctadecan-8-ylcarbamate 587 (370.5 mg, 0.47 mmol) in dry THF (7.5 ml) was added dry triethylamine (7.5 mL, 54 mmol) in one portion at room temperature followed by D₂O (99.96 atom % deuterium, 3.0 ml, 168 mmol). This mixture was stirred under nitrogen at room temperature for 16 h, with the reaction mixture used in the next step without isolation.

MS (ESI) 573.0 (M+1).

t_(R) 6.95 min.

To the crude deuterium exchange reaction mixture was added NaBD₃CN (152 mg, 2.31 mmol) in one portion, with the reaction stirred at room temperature for 24 h. A further portion of NaBD₃CN (182.4 mg, 3.28 mmol) was added and stirring continued at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated NaHCO₃(aq) and the aqueous mixture extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (60% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit) yielded the product (175.8 mg, 67%).

TLC R_(f) 0.32 (70% EtOAc/Pet. Spirit)

Analytical HPLC t_(R) 7.06 min; MS (ESI) m/z 558.0 (M+1), 559.0, 557.0, 560.0.

Example 101 Syntheses of Compounds 106-520

Compounds 106-520, with substituents as identified in Table 1, were prepared as in the previous examples according to the routes identified in Schemes 1-5, as summarized in Table 2, with experimental properties summarized in Table 4.

TABLE 1 Identity of Compounds Cpd. R¹X R² R³ Y R W  14 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl  25 6-fluoro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  31 6-fluoro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  33 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl  37 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-phenylbutyl  38 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl  39 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-phenylbutyl  49 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl  50 2-naphthylsulfonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  54 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl  60 6-bromo-2-naphthoyl Me H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  62 6-bromo-2-naphthoyl H Me CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  63 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  64 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl  65 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHCH(CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl  67 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃ 2,2-diphenylethyl NHC(═NH)NHMe  71 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CH₂NHMe 2,2-diphenylethyl  79 acetyl H H (S)-CHCH₂- (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl (2-naphthyl)  81 Ac-L-His H H (S)-CHCH₂- (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl (2-naphthyl)  83 propyloxycarbonyl H H (S)-CHCH₂- (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl (2-naphthyl)  85 acetyl H H (R)-CHCH₂- (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl (2-naphthyl)  86 Ac-L-His H H (R)-CHCH₂- (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl (2-naphthyl)  87 propyloxycarbonyl H H (R)-CHCH₂- (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl (2-naphthyl) 105 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 106 4-biphenylcarbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 107 indole-2-carbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 108 4-biphenylcarbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 109 indole-2-carbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 110 2-naphthylacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 111 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl naphthoyl 112 quinolin-3-carbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 113 quinoxaline-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 114 isoquinoline-3- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 115 benzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 116 quinaldoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 117 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 1-naphthylmethyl 118 2-naphthylacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 1-naphthylmethyl 119 1-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 1-naphthylmethyl 120 indole-3-acetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 1-naphthylmethyl 121 4-biphenylacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2-naphthylmethyl 122 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2-naphthylmethyl 123 2-naphthylacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2-naphthylmethyl 124 1-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2-naphthylmethyl 125 1-naphthylacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2-naphthylmethyl 126 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 127 S-Tic H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 128 R-Tic H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 129 2-benzofurananoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 130 R-Tic H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NHMe 2,2-diphenylethyl 131 S-Tic H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 132 2-benzofuranoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 133 indane-2-carbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 134 R-Tic H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 135 benzothiophene-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 136 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 137 2,5-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 138 benzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 139 cyclohexanoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 140 3-phenoxybenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 141 4-phenoxybenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 142 indole-2-carbonyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 143 3-phenyl-propanoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 144 3,4-dimethylbenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 145 4-tert-butylbenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 146 2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 147 cyclohexylacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 148 piperonyloyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 149 benzimidazole-5- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 150 benzotriazole-5- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 151 cyclopentanoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 152 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 153 trans-cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃ NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 154 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 155 2,4-dichloro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl phenylacetyl 156 1-methoxy-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl naphthoyl 157 3,4-dichloro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl phenylacetyl 158 6-methoxy-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl naphthoyl 159 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 160 2,4-dichloro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl cinnamoyl 161 adamantane-1- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 162 phenoxyacetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 163 3-methoxy-2-napthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 164 4-bromobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 165 S-benzodioxan-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 166 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 167 3-(2-thienyl)acryloyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 168 R-benzodioxan-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 169 4-hydroxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 170 2-methoxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 171 4-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 172 2-trifluoromethyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl cinnamoyl 173 3-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 174 alpha-methyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl cinnamoyl 175 trans-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl phenylcyclopropane- 1-carbonyl 176 2,4-dichloro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl phenoxyacetyl 177 3-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 178 1,3-benzothiazole-6- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 179 5-phenyl-2-furoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 180 3-methoxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 181 6-bromo-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 182 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ phenethyl 183 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 3,4-dichlorophenethyl 184 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,4-dichlorophenethyl 185 benzothiophene-5- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 186 3-methyl-2-phenyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl pyrazole-4-carbonyl 187 4-methoxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 188 6-fluoro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 189 2-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 190 2-hydroxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 191 3-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 192 3-trifluoromethyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl cinnamoyl 193 3-hydroxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 194 2-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 195 2-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 196 alpha-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 197 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ 4-piperidinyl 2,2-diphenylethyl 198 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(4-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 199 4-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 200 4-trifluoromethyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl cinnamoyl 201 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylpropyl 202 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ cyclohexanemethyl 203 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 1-adamantane-methyl 204 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (S)-1,1-diphenyl-2- propyl 205 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (R)-1,1-diphenyl-2- propyl 206 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ cyclohexyl 207 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (R)-1,1-diphenyl-1- fluoro-2-propyl 208 2,6-difluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 209 2-chloro-6- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl fluorocinnamoyl 210 4-bromocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 211 4-ethoxycinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 212 6-bromonaphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 213 trans-cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 214 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 215 1,4-dimethoxy-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl naphthoyl 216 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)N(Me)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 217 6-hydroxy-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl naphthoyl 218 6-amino-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 219 4-Me cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 220 4-fluoro cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 221 6-fluoro-2-napthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 222 2-ethylhexanoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 223 3,4-dimethylbenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 224 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 225 2-ethylhexanoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 226 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH(cyclohexyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 227 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2-naphthyl 228 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (9-fluorenyl)methyl 229 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(3-pyridinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 230 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(4-pyridinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 231 4-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH(cyclohexyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 232 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NHCH(CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 233 2,4-difluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 234 4-cyanocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 235 3-(2-naphthyl)acryloyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 236 4-fluoro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl phenoxyacetyl 237 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl furoyl 238 4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-benzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 239 2-oxo-1-phenyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl pyrrolidine-3-carbonyl 240 5-(4-chlorophenyl)- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl isoxazole-3-carbonyl 241 5-(2-furyl)-isoxazole- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 3-carbonyl 242 2-phenyl-4-thiazole H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 243 4-(3,5-dimethyl1 H- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl pyrazol-1-yl) benzoyl 244 3-methyl-2-phenyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl pyrazole-4-carbonyl 245 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ cyclohexaneethyl 246 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2-norbornaneethyl 247 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-bis(4- methoxyphenyl)ethyl 248 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NHCH₂Ph 2,2-diphenylethyl 249 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH(cyclopentyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 250 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄NH(cyclobuty)l) 2,2-diphenylethyl 251 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂)₄NH(cyclobuty)l₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 252 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ benzyl 253 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2,2-bis(4- fluorophenyl)ethyl 254 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2-naphthalenemethyl 255 3-(5-methyl-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl thienyl)-acryloyl 256 5-phenyl-pyrazole-3- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl carbonyl 257 4-fluorocinnamoyl Me H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 258 4-fluorocinnamoyl H Me CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 259 4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl pyrazolin-1yl)benzoyl 260 4-bromocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 261 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-pyrrolidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 262 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 263 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 264 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-pyrrolidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 265 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-azetidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 266 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 1-naphthalenemethyl 267 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl 268 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (S)- CH₂CH(Ph)NHCOMe 269 trans-cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)3(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 270 3,4-dimethylbenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 271 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 272 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (S)-CH₂CH(Ph)- NHCOcBu 273 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (S)-CH₂CH(Ph)- NHCOcHex 274 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 275 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 276 4-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 277 4-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 278 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 279 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 280 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 281 3,4-dimethylbenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 282 trans-cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 283 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 284 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 285 3,4-dimethylbenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 286 trans-cinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 287 4-fluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 288 4-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 289 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 3,5-dimethylbenzyl 290 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (S)- CH₂CH(Ph)NHCOPh 291 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ (R)- CH₂CH(Ph)NHCOPh 292 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)OMe 293 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)OnPr 294 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)OBn 295 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)Oallyl 296 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃CH₃ 2,2-diphenylethyl 297 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃CH₃ 2,2-diphenylethyl 298 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂ CONH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 299 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CONH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 300 4-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHCOCH₃ 2,2-diphenylethyl 301 4-methylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃ 2,2-diphenylethyl NHCO(cyclohexyl) 302 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)OPh 303 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)CO₂Et 304 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl 305 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 3,5-dimethyl- cyclohexylmethyl 306 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCO(cyclohexyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 307 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCOCH₂(cyclohexyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 308 benzoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 309 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 310 2-naphthoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 311 benzoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 312 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 313 2-naphthoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 314 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)CONMe₂ 315 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂cyclohexyl 2,2-diphenylethyl 316 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂cyclohexyl 2,2-diphenylethyl 317 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CO(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 318 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CO(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 319 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂Ph 2,2-diphenylethyl 320 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂Ph 2,2-diphenylethyl 321 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂cyclohexyl 2,2-diphenylethyl 322 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂cyclohexyl 2,2-diphenylethyl 323 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂Ph 2,2-diphenylethyl 324 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂Ph 2,2-diphenylethyl 325 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 326 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 327 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 3-chloro-5- fluorobenzyl 328 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ 3,5-difluorobenzyl 329 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3-chloro-5- fluorobenzyl 330 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3,5-difluorobenzyl 331 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,5-dichlorobenzyl 332 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,6-dichlorobenzyl 333 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl 334 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2-chlorobenzyl 335 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,3-dichlorobenzyl 336 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 337 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3,4-dichlorobenzyl 338 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3-fluoro-5- methylbenzyl 339 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)-benzyl 340 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 4-chlorobenzyl 341 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2-phenylbutyl 342 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 1-(1-phenyl-cyclohexyl)- methyl 343 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl)) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 344 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 345 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 346 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl 347 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl 348 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 349 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 350 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 351 4-chloro-3-fluoro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl benzoyl 352 4-chloro-3-methyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl benzoyl 353 3-chloro-4-fluoro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl benzoyl 354 3-chloro-4-methyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl benzoyl 355 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 356 2-naphthoyl H H (CH₂)₂ CH₂CH₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 357 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzyl 358 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3-chlorobenzyl 359 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) 2-phenylbutyl 360 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)CON[—(CH₂)₅—] 361 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ CH₂CH(Ph)CONHPh 362 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 363 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H (CH₂)₂ (CH₂)₂N(CH(CH₃)₂)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 364 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 365 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 366 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 367 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 368 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 369 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-phenylbutyl ( 370 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-phenylbutyl 371 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 372 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 373 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ (S)-β- methylphenethyl 374 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CH₂NH₂ (R)-β- methylphenethyl 375 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 376 6-fluoro-2-napthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 377 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 3,5-diethynylbenzyl 378 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(CH₂CH₂)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 379 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(CH₂CH₂)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 380 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-phenylbutyl 381 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-phenylbutyl 382 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 383 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 384 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 385 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 386 6-fluoro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl 387 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl 388 6-bromo-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethylbutyl 389 6-fluoro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 390 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 391 6-bromo-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethylbutyl 392 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dimethyl- cyclohexyl 393 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dimethyl- cyclohexyl 394 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dimethyl- cyclohexyl 395 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 396 6-fluoro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 397 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 398 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 399 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂r 2,2-diphenylethyl 400 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 401 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ 2,6-dimethyl- cyclohexylmethyl 402 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 403 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dimethyl- cyclohexylmethyl 404 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ 3,5-dimethyl- cyclohexylmethyl 405 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3-methyl-2- phenylbutyl 406 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 407 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NH₂ (R)-2-phenylbutyl 408 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(imidazol-3-yl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 409 3-(4-chlorophenyl)- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl propanoyl 410 3-(4-chlorophenyl)- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl propanoyl 411 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NHCO(2-pyridyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 412 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(2-pyridinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 413 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-3-methyl-2- phenylbutyl 414 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-3-methyl-2- phenylbutyl 415 4-isopropylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 416 4-isopropylcinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 417 2,4- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl dimethylcinnamoyl 418 2,4- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl dimethylcinnamoyl 419 2,4-difluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 420 2,4-difluorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 421 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NHCO(cyclohexyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 422 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-morpholinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 423 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂N 2,2-diphenylethyl [—C(Me) ═ CHCH ═ C(Me)—] 424 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂(2,5-dimethyl- 2,2-diphenylethyl 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl) 425 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 426 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 427 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 428 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 429 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 430 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂1-pyrrolidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 431 Cbz H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 432 4-bromocinnamoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 433 5-(4-chlorophenyl)- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl isoxazole-3-carbonyl 434 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CONH(2-pyridyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 435 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CO(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 436 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CO(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 437 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)CO(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 438 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 439 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 440 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 441 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 442 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H C(Me)_(\2) CH₂CH₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl 443 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H C(Me) v (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 444 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (R)-2-(4-chloro- phenyl)propyl 445 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-(4-chloro- phenyl)propyl 446 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-(4-chloro- phenyl)propyl 447 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-(4-chloro- phenyl)propyl 448 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(phenyl)CH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 449 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 450 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂ (4-morpholinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 451 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH(phenyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 452 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH(benzyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 453 4-chlorocinnamoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(2-NH₂—Ph) 2,2-diphenylethyl 454 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHC(CH₃)₃ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 455 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-CH₃-piperazin-1-yl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 456 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-phenylpentyl 457 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylpentyl 458 p-trifluoromethyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl benzoyl 459 p-trifluoromethyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl benzoyl 460 m-trifluoromethyl- H H CH2₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl benzoyl 461 m-trifluoromethyl- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,2-diphenylethyl benzoyl 462 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 463 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 464 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₃)₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 465 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 466 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(2-NH₂—Ph) 2,2-diphenylethyl 467 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(benzyl)CH₃ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 468 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(piperazin-1-yl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 469 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(n-pentyl)CH₃ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 470 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N[(CH(CH₃)₂]₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 471 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-CH₃-piperidin-1-yl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 472 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ 4-piperidinyl (S)-2-phenylbutyl 473 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ 1-isopentyl-4-piperidinyl (S)-2-phenylbutyl 474 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃CH₃ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 475 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂iPr (S)-2-phenylbutyl 476 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(3,5-Me₂-piperidin-1-yl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 477 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-OH-piperidin-1-yl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 478 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-CO₂H-piperidin-1-yl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 479 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH[—(CH₂)₆—] (S)-2-phenylbutyl 480 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂[(S)-2-Me-piperidin-1-yl] (S)-2-phenylbutyl 481 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(tBu)CH₃ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 482 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂(2-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)- 2,2-diphenylethyl 483 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CON(Me)nBu (S)-2-phenylbutyl 484 2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂CONHcHex (S)-2-phenylbutyl 485 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ 1-ethyl-piperidin-4-yl (S)-2-phenylbutyl 486 3,4-dichlorobenzyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 487 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHC(═NH)NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 488 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHC(═NH)NHMe (S)-2-phenylbutyl 489 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (R)-2-isopropylbutyl 490 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (S)-2-isopropylbutyl 491 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-isopropylbutyl 492 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-isopropylbutyl 493 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ S-CH₂C(Me₂)NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 494 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ R-CH₂C(Me₂)NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 495 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 496 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(CH₂)_(\2) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 497 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 498 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 499 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ S-CH₂C(Me₂)(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 500 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ R-CH₂C(Me₂)(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 501 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (R)-2-isopropylbutyl 502 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ (S)-2-isopropylbutyl 503 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-isopropylbutyl 504 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-isopropylbutyl 505 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂cHex (S)-2-phenylbutyl 506 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ nHex (S)-2-phenylbutyl 507 6-carboxy-2- H H CH₂ CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl naphthoyl 508 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHC(═NH)NH—CH(CH₃)₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 509 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₄OH (S)-2-phenylbutyl 510 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂OMe (S)-2-phenylbutyl 511 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂OBn (S)-2-phenylbutyl 512 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ iBu (S)-2-phenylbutyl 513 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethyl-3-methyl-but- 3-enyl 514 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-but- 3-enyl 515 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethyl-3-methyl-but- 3-enyl 516 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-ethyl-3-methyl- but-3-enyl 517 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-ethyl-3-methyl- but-3-enyl 518 4-biphenylcarboxylyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ cyclohexanemethyl 519 indole-3-acetyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ cyclohexanemethyl 520 3-quinolinecarboxylyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₃NHC(═NH)NH₂ cyclohexanemethyl 521 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4,4-difluoro-1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 522 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂OH) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 523 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(3,3-difluoro-1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 524 3,4-dichlorobenzyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 525 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-cyclopropylbutyl 526 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-cyclopropylbutyl 527 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-cyclopropylbutyl 528 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N[—CO(CH₂)₂CO—] (S)-2-phenylbutyl 529 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCONH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 530 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCH(Me)CF₃ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 531 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ CH₂CH₂N[—COC(Me)₂CH₂CO—] (S)-2-phenylbutyl 532 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N[—(CH₂)₆—] (S)-2-phenylbutyl 533 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCONHiPr (S)-2-phenylbutyl 534 4-biphenyl carboxylic H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 535 2-phenylthiazole-4- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl carbonyl 536 4-chloro-biphenyl-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl carbonyl 537 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂N(Ac)iPr (S)-2-phenylbutyl 538 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NHiPr (S)-2-phenylbutyl 539 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ CH₂NC(═NH)NH₂ (S)-2-phenylbutyl 540 2,4- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl dichlorophenylacetyl 541 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 542 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 543 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHSO₂Me 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 544 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHSO₂(4-Me—Ph) 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 545 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (S)-(CH₂)₂NHCO—CH(iPr)NH₂ 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 546 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 547 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzyl 548 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-(3-thienyl)butyl 549 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-(3-thienyl)butyl 550 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-(3-thienyl)butyl 551 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NH₂ 2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl 552 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl 553 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-morpholinyl) 2,2-diphenylethyl 554 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-morpholinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 555 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-morpholinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 556 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(4-morpholinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 557 (4-chloro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl benzyl)NHCO 558 3,4-dichlorobenzyl + Ac H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl MeCO 560 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2-ethyl-2-methylbutyl 561 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 2,3,5-trichlorobenzyl 562 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHSO₂iPr (S)-2-phenylbutyl 563 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂NHCO₂nBu (S)-2-phenylbutyl 564 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ 1-iPr-4-piperidinyl (S)-2-phenylbutyl 565 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (R)-2-phenylbutyl 566 5-(4-chlorophenyl)- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl isoxazole-3-carbonyl 567 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 568 6-methoxy-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl naphthoyl 569 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H ¹³CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 570 1-methoxy-2-napthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 571 4-(trifluoro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl methoxy)cinnamoyl 572 5-(4-chlorophenyl)- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl isoxazole-3-carbonyl 573 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 574 4,5-dichlorophthaloyl R1 H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl 575 3-fluoro-4-(trifluoro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzyl methoxy)cinnamoyl 576 6-methoxy-2- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl naphthoyl 577 1-methoxy-2-napthoyl H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl 578 3-fluoro-4-(trifluoro- H H CH₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl methoxy)cinnamoyl 579 6-chloro-2-naphthoyl H H CD₂ (CH₂)₂(1-piperidinyl) (S)-2-phenylbutyl

TABLE 2 Synthesis of Compounds Conversion Scheme 1: of A to Cpd. Route to A VN(R²)—Y—CO₂H P²NH—CH(U)—CO₂H Product U modification 14 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 25 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-L-Asp[(NMe)OMe-OH Scheme 4 reduction to aldehyde then reductive amination 31 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 33 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 37 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 38 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 38 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 39 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 49 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 50 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 54 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 60 Scheme 1 Cbz-Sar Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 62 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P1 deprotect, R1 acylate, ring methylate, P3 deprotect 63 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 63 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 64 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 65 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH reductive alkylation 67 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH guanylation 79 Scheme 1 Alloc-β-(2- Boc-L-Arg-(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection naphthyl)-L-Ala 81 Scheme 1 Alloc-β-(2- Boc-L-Arg-(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection naphthyl)-L-Ala 83 Scheme 1 Alloc-β-(2- Boc-L-Arg-(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection naphthyl)-L-Ala 85 Scheme 1 Alloc-β-(2- Boc-L-Arg-(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection naphthyl)-L-Ala 86 Scheme 1 Alloc-β-(2- Boc-L-Arg-(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection naphthyl)-L-Ala 87 Scheme 1 Alloc-β-(2- Boc-L-Arg-(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection naphthyl)-L-Ala 105 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, guanidinylation, deprotection 105 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 105 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 105 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 106 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 106 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 107 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 108 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, guanidinylation, deprotection 109 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, guanidinylation, deprotection 110 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Orn(Cbz)-Oallyl Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, guanidinylation, deprotection 111 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 112 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 113 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 114 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 115 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 116 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 117 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 118 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 119 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 120 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 121 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 122 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 123 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 124 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 125 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 126 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 127 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 128 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 129 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Lys(Cbz)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 130 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 131 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 132 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 133 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 134 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 135 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 136 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 137 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 138 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 139 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 140 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 141 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 142 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 143 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 144 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 145 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 146 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 147 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 148 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 149 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 150 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH H-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-Oallyl Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 151 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 152 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 153 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 154 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 155 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 156 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 157 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 158 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 159 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Canavanine Scheme 4 P3 deprotection (Fmoc)-OH 160 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 161 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 162 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 163 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 164 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 165 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 166 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 167 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 168 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 169 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 170 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 171 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 172 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 173 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 174 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 175 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 176 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 177 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 178 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 179 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 180 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 181 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 182 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 183 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 184 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 185 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 186 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 187 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 188 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 189 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 190 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 191 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 192 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 193 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 194 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 195 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 196 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 197 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-4- Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH piperidinyl)-DL-Gly-OH 198 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-β-(1-Boc-4- Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH piperidinyl)-DL-Ala-OH 199 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 200 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 201 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 202 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 203 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 204 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 205 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 206 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 207 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 208 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 209 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 210 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 211 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 212 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 213 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 214 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 215 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 216 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(NMe)₂Pbf-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 217 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 218 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Fmoc)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 219 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 220 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 221 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 222 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 223 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn (Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 224 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 225 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, guanidinylation 226 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH reductive alkylation 227 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 228 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 229 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-3-PyridylAla-OH Scheme 3 none Gly-OH 230 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-4-PyridylAla-OH Scheme 3 none Gly-OH 231 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, reductive alkylation 232 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Lys(i-Pr)Fmoc-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 233 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 234 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 235 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 236 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 237 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 238 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 239 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 240 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 241 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 242 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 243 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 244 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 245 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 246 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 247 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 248 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH reductive alkylation 249 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH reductive alkylation 250 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH reductive alkylation 251 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection, Gly-OH reductive alkylation 252 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 253 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 254 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 255 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 256 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 257 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 258 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P1 deprotect, R1 acylate, ring methylate, P3 deprotect 259 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 260 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 261 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 262 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 262 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Cbz)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, dialkylation 263 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 263 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 264 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 265 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 266 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 267 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 268 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 269 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 270 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn (Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 271 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 272 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 273 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 274 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 275 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 276 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Dab(Fmoc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 276 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 277 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Dab(Fmoc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 277 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 278 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 279 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 279 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 280 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 281 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 282 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 283 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 284 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 285 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 286 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 287 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 288 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 289 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 290 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 291 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 292 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 293 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 294 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 295 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 296 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Nle-OH Scheme 4 none 297 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Nle-OH Scheme 4 none 298 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Gln-OH Scheme 4 none 299 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Gln-OH Scheme 4 none 300 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then acylation 301 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then acylation 302 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 303 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 304 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 305 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 306 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then acylation 307 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then acylation 308 Scheme 1 Cbz-β-Ala Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 309 Scheme 1 Cbz-β-Ala Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 310 Scheme 1 Cbz-β-Ala Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 311 Scheme 1 Cbz-β-Ala Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 312 Scheme 1 Cbz-β-Ala Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 313 Scheme 1 Cbz-β-Ala Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 314 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 R5 deprotection Gly-OH and amidation then P3 deprotection 315 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Cha-OH Scheme 4 none 316 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Cha-OH Scheme 4 none 317 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Glu(1-piperidinyl)- Scheme 4 none OH 318 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Glu(1-piperidinyl)- Scheme 4 none OH 319 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Hfe-OH Scheme 4 none 320 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Hfe-OH Scheme 4 none 321 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-hCha-OH Scheme 4 none 322 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-hCha-OH Scheme 4 none 323 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Phe-OH Scheme 4 none 324 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Phe-OH Scheme 4 none 325 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 326 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 327 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 328 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 329 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 330 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 331 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 332 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 333 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 334 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 335 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 336 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 337 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 338 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 339 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 340 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 341 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 342 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 343 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 344 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 345 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 346 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 347 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 348 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 348 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 349 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 350 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 351 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 352 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 353 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 354 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 355 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 356 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 357 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 358 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 359 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 360 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 R5 deprotection Gly-OH and amidation then P3 deprotection 361 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Arg(Pbf)-OH Scheme 3 R5 deprotection Gly-OH and amidation then P3 deprotection 362 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, alkylation 363 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation 364 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 365 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 366 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 367 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 367 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 368 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 369 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 370 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 371 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 372 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 373 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 374 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 375 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Cbz-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 3 P3 conversion to Gly-OH aldehyde then reductive amination 376 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 377 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 378 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 379 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 380 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 381 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 382 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 383 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 384 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 385 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 386 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 387 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 388 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 389 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 390 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 391 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 392 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 393 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 394 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 395 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 396 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 397 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 398 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, alkylation 399 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, alkylation 400 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, alkylation 401 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 402 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 403 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 404 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, alkylation 405 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 406 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 407 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 408 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-His(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 409 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 410 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 411 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, acylation 412 Scheme 2 Cbz-Gly-OH H-β-(2-pyridyl)-L-Ala- Scheme 4 none Oallyl 413 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 414 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 415 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 416 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 417 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 418 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 419 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 420 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 421 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, acylation 422 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 423 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, condensation 424 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, condensation, reduction 425 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 426 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 427 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 428 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 429 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 430 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 431 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 432 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 433 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 434 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, amidation 435 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, amidation 436 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Gln(piperidyl)-OH Scheme 4 none 437 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Gln(piperidyl)-OH Scheme 4 none 438 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 439 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 440 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 441 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Orn(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 442 Scheme 1 Boc-Aib Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 443 Scheme 1 Boc-Aib Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 444 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 445 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH 446 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 447 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 448 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 449 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 450 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 451 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 452 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 453 Scheme 1 Fmoc-Gly-OH Boc-L-(2-NO2)-Phe-OH Scheme 5 nitro hydrogenation 454 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 455 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 456 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 457 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection Gly-OH then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 458 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 459 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 none 460 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 461 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 none 462 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, reductive alkylation 463 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, reductive alkylation 464 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, reductive alkylation 465 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection 466 Scheme 1 Fmoc-Gly-OH Boc-L-(2-NO2)-Phe-OH Scheme 4 nitro hydrogenation 467 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 468 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 469 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 470 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 471 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 472 Scheme1 Cbz-Gly-OH N-Fmoc-1(1-Boc- Scheme 4 P3 deprotection piperidin-4yl)-D,L-Gly-OH 473 Scheme1 Cbz-Gly-OH N-Fmoc-1(1-Boc- Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, piperidin-4yl)-D,L-Gly-OH reductive alkylation 474 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Nle-OH Scheme 4 none 475 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-HoLeu-OH Scheme 4 none 476 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 477 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 478 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 479 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 480 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 481 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe]-OH Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 482 Scheme 1 Fmoc-Gly-OH Boc-L-(2-NO₂)-Phe-OH Scheme 5 nitro hydrogenation then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 483 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Boc-L-Gln(Me,nBu)-OH Scheme 4 none Gly-OH 484 Scheme 1 2-naphthoic- Boc-L-Gln(chex)-OH Scheme 4 none Gly-OH 485 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH N-Fmoc-1-(1-Boc- Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, piperidin-4-yl)-D,L-Gly-OH reductive alkylation 486 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, alkylation 487 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, alkylation 488 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, alkylation 489 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-DL-γ-nitro-Leu-OH Scheme 4 P3 reduction to amine 490 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-DL-γ-nitro-Leu-OH Scheme 4 P3 reduction to amine 491 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 492 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 493 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 494 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 495 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 496 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then reductive alkylation 497 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 498 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation 499 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-DL-γ-nitro-Leu-OH Scheme 4 P3 reduction to amine then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 500 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-DL-γ-nitro-Leu-OH Scheme 4 P3 reduction to amine then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 501 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 502 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 503 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 504 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 505 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-HoCha-OH Scheme 4 none 506 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-2-aminooctanoic Scheme 4 none acid 507 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, alkylation 508 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, alkylation 509 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-5-HO-Nle-OH Scheme 4 none 510 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-HoSer(Me)-OH Scheme 4 none 511 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Boc-L-HoSer(Bzl)-OH Scheme 4 none 512 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-Leu-OH Scheme 4 none 513 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 514 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 515 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 516 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 517 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 518 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 519 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 520 Scheme 2 Boc-Gly-OH Boc-L-Arg(Cbz)₂-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 521 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe] Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 522 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe] Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reduction 523 Scheme 1 Boc-Gly-OH Cbz-L-Asp[N(Me)OMe] Scheme 4 P3 conversion to aldehyde then reductive amination 524 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5; P3 deprotection reductive then dialkylation alkylation for with alkyl R1X dibromide 525 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 526 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 527 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 528 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc) Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, diacylation with anhydride 529 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Boc-L-citrulline-OH Scheme 4 none 530 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc) Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, reductive alkylation 531 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc) Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, diacylation with anhydride 532 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc) Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 533 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc) Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, then acylation with isocyanate 534 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 535 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 536 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 537 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then reductive alkylation then acetylation 538 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then reductive alkylation 539 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dap(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then guanylation 540 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection, guanidinylation, deprotection 541 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 542 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 543 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then sulfonylation 544 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then sulfonylation 545 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection, acylation, deprotection 546 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 547 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 548 Scheme 1 N-(6-Cl-2- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection napthoic)-Gly- OH 549 Scheme 1 N-(6-Cl-2- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection napthoic)-Gly- then dialkylation OH with alkyl dibromide 550 Scheme 1 N-(6-Cl-2- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 3 P3 deprotection napthoic)-Gly- then dialkylation OH with alkyl dibromide 551 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 552 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 553 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 554 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 555 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 556 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 557 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5, P3 deprotection use then dialkylation isocyanate with alkyl for R1X dibromide 558 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5; P3 deprotection reductive then dialkylation alkylation with alkyl then dibromide acetylation for R1X and R2 559 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection 560 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 561 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 562 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then sulfonylation 563 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then acylation with chloroformate 564 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-DL-2-(1-Boc-4- Scheme 4 P3 deprotection piperidyl)-Gly-OH then reductive alkylation with ketone 565 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 566 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 567 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 568 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 569 Scheme 1 Cbz-[¹⁵N,1,2- Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection ¹³C₂]Gly-OH then reductive alkylation then acetylation 570 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 571 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 572 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 573 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 574 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 575 Scheme 1 Alloc-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 576 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 577 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 578 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 5 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 579 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection with D₂O then reductive exchange alkylation then during Fmoc acetylation deprotection and NaBD₃CN reduction 580 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-D-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 581 Scheme 2 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 582 Scheme 2 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-D-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 583 Scheme 2 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-L-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 584 Scheme 2 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-D-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide 585 Scheme 1 Cbz-Gly-OH Fmoc-D-Dab(Boc)-OH Scheme 4 P3 deprotection then dialkylation with alkyl dibromide

Example 102 Human MC5R Radioligand Binding Assay

Assessments of compound binding to human MC5R (hMC5R)) by displacement of an ¹²⁵I-labeled NDP-MSH receptor ligand peptide were performed essentially as described in the data sheets produced by Perkin Elmer to accompany their frozen hMC5R membranes (Perkin Elmer catalog number RBXMC5M400UA).

[¹²⁵I] NDP-MSH: Radiolabeled in House and Purified by HPLC:

Na¹²⁵I (0.5 mCi, 17.4 Ci/mg) was added to 50 μL sodium phosphate (50 mM, pH 7.4) in an eppendorf tube precoated with IODOGEN. After incubation for 10 mins the phosphate buffer containing the iodine was added to NDP-MSH (10 ul at 1 mg/mL) in a separate eppendorf tube. This was incubated for a further 10 mins. The iodinated NDP-MSH was purified by HPLC on a Zorbax SB 300 column using solvent A: 0.05% TFA and solvent B: 90% acetonitrile 0.045% TFA with a linear gradient, 0-67% B over 60 mins. The ¹²⁵I NDP-MSH eluted at 52 mins after the unlabeled starting material (48 min) and was counted and stored in the freezer. It was used within 48 hrs, as radioactive decay and ligand decomposition resulted in greatly reduced specific binding observed after 72 hrs.

Reagents:

Incubation buffer: 25 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.0), 1.5 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgSO₄, 0.1 M NaCl, 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline, and 1 Complete™ protease inhibitor tablet/100 mL (Roche, catalog number 1873580)

Perkin Elmer frozen hMC5 membranes: catalog number RBXMC5M400UA, 0.4 mL/vial; 400 microassays/vial, 0.78 mg/mL protein concentration

Vials of frozen membranes were thawed rapidly immediately before use, diluted with binding buffer and vortexed. Resuspended membranes were kept on ice until they were added to the wells of the plate.

Binding Protocol for 400 Microassays Per Vial:

Assays were performed in 96 well polypropylene plates. Membranes (0.78 μg 40 μL of a 1:40 dilution in incubation buffer) were added to [¹²⁵I] NDP-MSH (0.84 nM; 2200 Ci/mmol) and test compounds in a total volume of 140 μL. This was incubated for 1 hr at 37° C. Non-specific binding was determined with 3 mM NDP-MSH. Plates were filtered using a Tomtec cell harvester with GF/A filters (Wallac) (presoaked in 0.6% polyethylenimine) and washed three times with 1.0 mL ice-cold wash buffer (the above incubation buffer without 1,10-phenanthroline and Complete™ protease inhibitor tablet). The filters were dried in a 37° C. oven, placed in a sample bag and 5 mL Betaplatescint (Wallac) was added. Prepared filters were counted in cassettes in a Microbeta Trilux (Wallac) for 1 min. Non-specific binding just under 5%. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 4, employing competition binding with a single site model and a fixed Hill coefficient. The following equation was used: Y=Bottom+(Top-Bottom)/1/10^(X−logEC₅₀), where X=log(concentration) and Y=binding to fit the data.

Example 103 Identification of Preferred Diastereomer for Binding to MC5R

The four diastereomers of one set of substituents were tested for binding in the hMC5R assay as in Examples 102, as listed in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Activity of Four Diastereomers human MC5R Cpd. stereochemistry IC₅₀ (nM) 102 (3R,5S) 3500 103 (3R,5R) 500 104 (3S,5R) 1500 105 (3S,5S) 56

As can be seen the 3S, 5S isomer is almost ten times more active than the next most active isomer and significantly more active than the other two possible isomers. This unexpectedly high level of differential activity and hence specificity of the (S,S) diastereoisomer was unexpected and is not predictable from a knowledge of the hMC5R or its previously known ligands.

Example 104 Activity of Selected Compounds: hMC5R Binding

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested for binding in the hMC5R assay as in Example 102, as listed in Table 4. The compounds were tested as their trifluoroacetate or hydrochloride salts, or as their free base.

TABLE 4 Properties of Compounds MS MC5R Cpd. (M + 1) t_(R) (min) radioligand IC₅₀ 14 556.2 5.74 xxx 25 595.3 6.22 xxx 31 539.3 5.92 xx 33 599.4 6.31 xxxx 37 473.4 5.59 xxx 38 541.3 5.78 xxx 39 541.3 5.67 xxx 49 499.3 5.77 xx 50 613.5 5.89 x 54 425.7 5.27 xx 60 629.4 6.27 x 62 629.3 6.22 xx 63 535.3 5.76 xx 64 603.3 6.04 xxx 65 577.2 5.97 xxx 67 591.3 5.94 xxxx 71 549.3 5.93 xx 79 606.4 6.033 x 81 743.4 5.489 xx 83 650.3 6.524 xx 85 606.2 6.008 x 86 743.5 5.410 xx 87 650.4 6.424 x 102 577.4 5.775 x 103 577.5 5.750 xx 104 577.5 5.783 x 105 577.3 5.79 xxx 106 561.4 6.05 xx 107 524.3 5.63 xx 108 603.3 6.11 xxx 109 566.2 5.65 xx 110 591.2 5.82 xx 111 581.3 5.95 xxx 112 578.3 5.26 xxx 113 579.3 5.52 xx 114 578.3 5.72 xx 115 527.3 5.41 xx 116 578.3 5.78 xx 117 509.2 5.51 xx 118 523.3 5.56 x 119 523.2 5.51 x 120 512.3 5.10 x 121 549.4 5.96 xx 122 509.2 5.56 xx 123 523.4 5.63 x 124 509.2 5.41 x 125 523.3 5.68 x 126 549.3 5.79 xx 127 554.2 5.87 x 128 554.2 5.87 xx 129 539.1 5.58 x 130 596.5 5.87 x 131 582.4 5.88 x 132 567.4 5.62 x 133 567.4 5.62 x 134 582.4 5.88 xx 135 583.4 5.86 xx 136 595.4 5.31 xxx 137 595.4 5.87 xx 138 527.2 5.33 xx 139 533.3 5.54 x 140 620.2 6.16 xxx 141 620.2 6.21 xx 142 566.3 5.70 xxx 143 555.2 5.55 xx 144 555.2 5.74 xxx 145 583.4 6.21 xx 146 587.2 4.90 x 147 547.4 5.78 xx 148 571.2 5.34 xx 149 567.1 4.48 x 150 568.1 4.87 x 151 519.5 5.23 x 152 595.4 5.92 xxx 153 553.5 5.58 xxx 154 595.4 5.95 xx 155 609.4 5.88 xx 156 607.5 5.96 xxx 157 609.4 — x 158 607.4 5.88 xxx 159 579.3 5.83 xx 160 621.3 6.22 xxx 161 585.6 6.00 x 162 557.4 5.50 x 163 607.5 5.94 xx 164 607.2 5.69 xx 165 585.4 5.64 xx 166 557.3 6.06 xxx 167 559.5 5.47 xxx 168 585.5 5.58 xx 169 569.5 5.17 xx 170 583.6 5.70 xx 171 567.6 5.79 xxx 172 621.4 6.01 xx 173 571.5 5.65 xxx 174 567.5 5.50 xx 175 567.5 5.37 xx 176 625.5 5.81 xxx 177 587.4 5.65 xxx 178 584.5 4.84 xx 179 593.4 5.60 xx 180 583.6 5.41 xx 181 655.2 5.97 xxxx 182 501.4 5.20 xx 183 570.2 5.64 x 184 570.2 5.66 xx 185 583.5 5.43 xxx 186 607.3 5.28 xxx 187 583.4 5.37 xxx 188 595.6 5.64 xxx 189 587.4 5.78 xx 190 569.5 5.23 xx 191 567.7 5.92 xxx 192 621.4 6.19 xx 193 569.6 5.23 xx 194 571.5 5.69 xxx 195 567.5 5.98 xxx 196 571.5 6.00 xx 197 561.3 5.84 xx 198 575.4 5.98 xx 199 571.1 5.69 xxx 200 621.3 6.19 xxx 201 591.2 6.02 xx 202 493.3 5.41 xx 203 545.2 5.91 xx 204 591.3 5.88 xxx 205 591.3 5.90 xx 206 479.4 5.09 xx 207 609.4 6.13 xx 208 589.3 5.69 xxx 209 605.3 5.85 xxx 210 631.4 6.09 xxxx 211 597.4 5.89 xxx 212 615.3 6.20 xxx 213 511.3 5.63 xx 214 545.4 5.92 xxx 215 637.6 6.15 xx 216 605.5 5.94 xxx 217 553.3 5.88 xxx 218 592.4 4.99 x 219 525.3 5.79 xxx 220 529.5 5.59 xxx 221 553.5 5.87 xxx 222 507.2 5.64 x 223 513.5 5.68 xx 224 553.3 5.89 xxx 225 549.7 5.87 xx 226 617.4 6.21 xxx 227 523.3 5.49 x 228 575.5 5.72 x 229 569.2 5.87 xx 230 569.2 5.83 x 231 611.2 6.20 xxxx 232 591.4 6.03 xxx 233 547.5 5.70 xxx 234 536.5 5.47 xx 235 561.7 6.11 xx 236 533.5 5.53 xx 237 585.5 6.23 xxx 238 550.5 5.81 xxx 239 568.5 5.45 x 240 586.5 6.18 xxx 241 542.5 5.57 xx 242 568.4 5.91 xx 243 579.7 5.60 xx 244 565.5 5.42 x 245 506.4 5.73 xx 246 519.3 5.78 xx 247 637.5 5.84 x 248 624.3 6.28 xxx 249 603.2 6.14 xxx 250 589.4 6.04 xxx 251 543.3 6.30 xxx 252 487.2 5.13 x 253 613.5 6.06 xxx 254 537.4 5.66 x 255 531.6 5.65 xx 256 551.5 5.47 xx 257 543.5 5.77 x 258 543.5 5.66 xx 259 581.5 5.10 xx 260 591.4 5.94 xxx 261 599.4 5.99 xxx 262 613.5 6.08 xxx 263 521.4 5.85 xx 264 589.3 5.81 xxx 265 575.5 5.79 xxx 266 537.2 5.61 x 267 551.4 5.70 x 268 558.4 4.86 x 269 579.6 5.73 xxx 270 581.4 5.84 xxx 271 621.2 6.07 xxx 272 598.6 5.27 xx 273 626.7 5.64 x 274 507.3 6.35 xx 275 517.4 6.51 xxx 276 515.3 5.18 xxx 277 511.4 5.81 xxx 278 575.3 6.71 xxx 279 585.4 6.83 xxxx 280 539.3 5.87 xx 281 499.5 5.62 xx 282 497.6 5.58 xx 283 531.4 5.89 xxx 284 607.3 6.29 xxxx 285 567.3 5.99 xxx 286 565.4 5.93 xxx 287 583.5 6.02 xxxx 288 579.6 6.18 xxx 289 515.3 5.58 xx 290 620.5 5.44 xx 291 620.5 5.38 x 292 531.5 5.22 xx 293 559.5 5.74 xx 294 607.4 6.06 xx 295 557.4 5.61 xx 296 534.4 7.27 xx 297 544.5 7.42 xx 298 559.4 6.59 xx 299 549.4 6.42 xx 300 567.3 6.52 xx 301 635.5 7.34 xx 302 593.5 6.02 xxx 303 573.4 5.47 xx 304 481.4 5.47 xx 305 521.5 6.10 xxx 306 641.4 7.38 xx 307 655.3 7.59 xx 308 485.3 5.17 x 309 553.3 5.82 xx 310 535.3 5.72 xx 311 553.5 5.39 x 312 621.2 6.06 xx 313 603.4 5.94 xx 314 572.3 4.91 x 315 574.5 7.69 xx 316 584.5 7.83 xx 317 617.7 7.04 xx 318 627.5 7.11 xxx 319 582.3 7.44 xx 320 592.4 7.55 xx 321 588.4 8.00 xx 322 598.4 8.15 xx 323 568.1 7.28 xx 324 578.3 7.45 xx 325 519.2 5.93 xx 326 511.2 5.94 xxx 327 540.3 5.61 xx 328 523.2 5.37 xx 329 498.4 5.49 xx 330 481.5 5.27 x 331 514.3 5.52 x 332 514.2 5.42 x 333 505.4 5.27 x 334 480.3 5.33 x 335 514.4 5.65 x 336 514.4 5.62 xx 337 514.3 5.63 x 338 477.3 5.35 x 339 531.5 5.65 x 340 480.4 5.38 x 341 487.2 5.55 xx 342 527.3 5.96 xx 343 587.2 6.33 xxx 344 567.3 6.12 xxx 345 577.2 6.31 xxxx 346 443.2 5.43 xx 347 435.3 5.46 xx 348 503.1 5.58 xx 349 511.4 5.73 xxx 350 493.7 5.71 xxx 351 427.3 5.04 x 352 423.4 5.28 x 353 427.3 5.13 x 354 423.3 5.32 x 355 489.4 6.42 xx 356 589.4 5.92 xx 357 581.3 6.03 x 358 480.4 5.33 x 359 555.4 5.81 xxx 360 612.6 5.49 x 361 620.5 — x 362 595.4 6.12 xx 363 637.2 6.30 x 364 505.1 6.46 xx 365 485.2 6.26 xx 366 491.2 5.69 xx 367 573.1 6.07 xx 368 565.2 6.88 xxx 369 491.2 5.69 xx 370 483.4 5.77 xxx 371 559.1 6.12 xx 372 539.2 5.84 xx 373 473.3 5.29 xx 374 473.2 5.21 x 375 549.4 6.03 xx 376 621.4 6.13 xxx 377 493.3 5.32 xx 378 587.2 6.17 xxx 379 577.4 6.04 xxx 380 559.3 6.01 xxx 381 551.3 5.99 xxx 382 551.4 6.04 xxxx 383 555.3 6.19 xxx 384 575.4 6.11 xxx 385 589.3 6.06 xxx 386 443.6 5.36 xx 387 459.9 5.66 xx 388 503.2 5.74 xx 389 511.4 5.65 xxx 390 527.3 5.95 xxx 391 573.2 6.07 xxx 392 483.3 5.97 xx 393 465.4 5.81 xx 394 475.3 5.98 xx 395 623.2 6.41 xxxx 396 607.4 6.17 xxxx 397 585.4 6.12 xxx 398 573.2 6.12 xxx 399 563.4 5.95 xx 400 581.3 6.12 xx 401 479.1 5.68 x 402 487.4 5.45 xx 403 551.5 6.42 xxx 404 525.3 6.31 xx 405 487.3 5.69 x 406 473.4 5.51 xx 407 487.4 5.40 x 408 568.1 5.91 x 409 601.3 6.08 xxx 410 533.3 5.82 x 411 622.3 6.90 x 412 579.3 6.60 x 413 555.4 6.00 xx 414 555.4 6.10 xxx 415 607.5 6.60 xxx 416 539.4 6.32 xx 417 593.5 6.26 xxx 418 525.3 6.03 xx 419 601.3 6.09 xxx 420 533.2 5.81 xx 421 627.4 7.20 x 422 601.3 6.10 xxx 423 609.4 7.64 xx 424 613.4 6.31 xxx 425 575.3 6.26 xxxx 426 537.4 5.98 xxx 427 525.1 5.96 xxx 428 561.4 6.26 xxxx 429 559.1 6.11 xxx 430 545.1 6.01 xxx 431 569.3 5.92 xx 432 645.3 6.28 xxxx 433 640.2 6.70 xxx 434 622.3 6.49 xx 435 613.4 7.03 xx 436 603.2 7.23 xxx 437 587.2 7.01 x 438 561.4 6.88 xxx 439 545.1 6.68 xx 440 589.4 6.24 xxx 441 573.1 5.95 xxx 442 559.1 5.90 xx 443 627.4 6.56 xx 444 493.2 5.68 x 445 493.2 5.71 x 446 561.4 5.93 x 447 561.4 6.09 xx 448 581.3 6.93 xx 449 547.3 6.00 xxx 450 561.2 5.92 xxx 451 567.2 6.94 xx 452 581.2 6.45 xxx 453 593.3 6.56 xx 454 547.2 6.12 xxx 455 574.3 5.67 xxx 456 555.3 6.15 xxx 457 555.3 6.25 xxx 458 607.2 6.20 xxx 459 539.2 5.90 x 460 607.3 6.11 xx 461 539.1 5.94 x 462 577.1 6.37 xxxx 463 561.1 6.17 xxx 464 549.2 6.28 xxxx 465 507.2 6.00 xxx 466 583.3 6.38 xx 467 595.2 6.50 xxxx 468 560.3 5.64 xxx 469 575.2 6.62 xxx 470 575.2 6.27 xxxx 471 573.2 6.28 xxxx 472 547.2 5.96 xxx 473 617.2 6.52 xxx 474 520.2 7.40 xx 475 534.3 7.66 xxx 476 587.4 6.55 xxx 477 575.2 5.82 xxx 478 603.4 5.98 xxx 479 573.1 6.32 xxx 480 573.1 6.18 xxxx 481 561.2 6.21 xxx 482 651.3 6.85 x 483 571.1 7.11 xx 484 583.3 6.98 xx 485 575.2 6.06 xxx 486 593.4 6.01 xxx 487 549.2 5.87 xxx 488 563.3 6.05 xxx 489 457.2 5.64 x 490 457.2 5.78 x 491 525.2 6.05 xxx 492 525.3 6.13 xxx 493 535.2 6.33 xx 494 535.2 6.50 x 495 491.3 5.63 xx 496 533.2 5.94 xxx 497 533.1 6.44 xxx 498 603.3 6.44 xxx 499 603.2 7.15 xxx 500 603.2 6.96 xxx 501 473.1 5.99 xx 502 473.2 6.09 xx 503 541.2 6.34 xxx 504 541.1 6.43 xxx 505 574.2 8.16 x 506 548.3 7.86 xxx 507 633.4 5.66 xx 508 591.1 6.36 xxxx 509 536.2 6.57 xxx 510 522.4 6.72 xxx 511 598.2 7.49 x 512 520.1 7.36 x 513 455.2 5.16 x 514 523.3 6.09 xx 515 471.1 5.53 xxxx 516 539.3 6.11 xxx 517 539.2 6.19 xxxx 518 519.3 5.72 xx 519 496.3 4.91 xxx 520 494.4 4.65 xx 521 595.3 6.30 xxx 522 492.2 6.16 x 523 595.3 6.39 xx 524 545.2 5.91 xxx 525 523.0 5.88 xx 526 471.1 5.79 xx 527 539.3 6.14 xxx 528 573.1 6.50 x 529 564.5 6.60 xx 530 587.2 6.61 xx 531 601.3 7.03 x 532 589.3 6.59 xxx 533 592.3 7.08 xx 534 567.3 6.34 xxx 535 574.2 6.14 xxx 536 601.3 6.69 xxx 537 591.3 7.24 xx 538 535.3 6.94 xxx 539 535.3 6.37 xxx 540 573.1 6.13 xx 541 519.2 5.98 xx 542 587.1 6.34 xx 543 597.1 6.61 x 544 673.0 7.50 x 545 618.4 — x 546 533.1 6.20 xxx 547 603.1 6.57 xxx 548 513.3 6.00 xxx 549 581.2 6.22 xxx 550 581.0 6.33 xxxx 551 473.3 6.03 xx 552 541.1 6.36 xxx 553 625.4 6.57 xxx 554 577.2 6.30 xxx 555 603.1 6.45 xxx 556 589.1 6.23 xxx 557 554.3 6.02 xx 558 587.1 6.50 x 559 457.0 5.73 x 560 525.2 6.20 xxx 561 637.0 6.75 xxx 562 613.3 7.03 xxx 563 607.2 — xx 564 589.5 6.19 xxx 565 574.8 6.27 xxxx 566 618.9 6.74 xxx 567 587.7 6.19 xxxx 568 596.9 6.20 xxx 569 578.0 6.38 xxxx 570 597.0 6.42 xxx 571 626.9 6.70 xxxx 572 591.9 6.61 xxxx 573 559.0 6.03 xxxx 574 612.8 7.04 xx 575 644.9 6.79 xxx 576 570.9 6.04 xxx 577 570.8 6.21 xxx 578 618.8 6.61 xxxx 579 579.9 6.39 xxxx 580 575.4 6.40 xx 581 575.2 6.26 xxx 582 575.2 6.11 xxx 583 575.1 6.21 xx 584 575.2 6.25 xx 585 575.4 6.27 x x = <10 μM; xx = <1 μM, xxx = <100 nM, xxxx = <10 nM

Example 105 MC5R Radioligand Binding Assay Using MC5 Receptors from Other Species

Radioligand binding and cAMP assays were also conducted using membranes and cells expressing MC5R cloned from other species (mouse MC5R membranes were obtained from Euroscreen; canine, rhesus monkey, cyno monkey and guinea pig MC5 receptors were cloned and expressed from cDNA libraries and transiently transfected as described in Examples 107 and 109. Plasma membranes from the cells were tested in the radioligand assay as in Example 102.

Example 106 Activity of Selected Compounds: Other Species MC5R

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested for binding to MC5R from other species, as described in Example 105, the results are listed in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Binding of Selected Compounds to MC5R from Different Species rhesus human canine rhesus monkey human MC5R mouse MC5R monkey MC5R MC5R (whole MC5R (whole MC5R (whole (membrane) cells) (membrane) cells) (membranes) cells) Cpd. IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) 105 57 219 4000 6400 6027 3000 64 30 127 — 13000 7307 >5000

These results show the selectivity of the compounds of the invention for human MC5R in comparison to MC5R in other species. Whilst there is activity in other species it is significantly reduced in comparison to human MC5R, which would not be expected given the high receptor homology between species.

Example 107 Human MC1R, MC3R and MC4R Radioligand Binding Assay

Radioligand binding assays were carried out using commercial or in-house prepared hMC1R, hMC3R and hMC4R membranes and [¹²⁵I] NDP-MSH, as per the hMC5R procedure in Example 102.

In-house plasma membranes were prepared from transfected mammalian cells (prepared as in Example 109, using plasmid DNA containing the human MC1R, MC3R or MC4R gene or other gene of interest in a plasmid vector with a mammalian origin of replication):

Adherent cells were washed with warm Hanks buffered saline solution (HBSS). 1 mL of cold HBSS was added to each flask and the cells were scraped off with a rubber policeman. The scraped cells were added to a 50 mL tube on ice. The plates were then rinsed twice with 5 mL cold HBSS and this was also added to the tube. The cells were centrifuged at 1000×g for 5 mins in a bench top centrifuge and the supernatant was decanted. The remaining cell pellet was resuspended in 0.25 M sucrose. The cell suspension was centrifuged again as previously and the pellet resuspended in 5 mL of 0.25 M sucrose containing protease inhibitors. The cells were homogenised by a 10 second pulse with an Ika disperser followed by 30 seconds on ice. The homogenisation and ice incubation was repeated three times. The mixture was then centrifuged at 1260×g for 5 mins. The supernatant was decanted into another centrifuge tube, to which a buffer containing 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 12.5 mM MgCl₂, 5 mM EGTA and protease inhibitors was added to make the volume up to 30 mL. This was centrifuged at 30,000×g for 90 mins at 4° C. The resulting pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of the buffer above also containing 10% glycerol. Membranes were aliquoted into cryovials which were snap-frozen in a dry-ice/ethanol bath before being stored at −80° C. until required for use.

Example 108 Selectivity of Selected Compounds: hMCR binding

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested for binding in the hMC1R, hMC3R, hMC4R and hMC5R assays, as in Examples 102 and 107, as listed in Table 6.

TABLE 6 hMCR Binding Selectivity of Selected Compounds human MC5R human MC1R human MC3R human MC4R Cpd. IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (nM) 105 57 6660 1750 3280 64 31 9220 2240 3490 33 9 2850 1500 6060 348 150 20000 1830 20000

These results demonstrate the selectivity of the compounds of the invention for human MC5R in comparison to other receptor subtypes of the human melanocortin receptor family.

Example 109 Inhibition or Stimulation of cAMP Signal in Cells Expressing Human MC5R

Transient Transfection of Mammalian Cell Lines:

The mammalian cell line, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293), were maintained in Dulbeccos Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 5% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, high glucose and antibiotics/antimycotics. On the day prior to transfection, cells were passaged using trypsin/EDTA and seeded into 75 cm² flasks so that they would be approximately 90% confluent the next day. The next day, the cell media was replaced with fresh antibiotic/antimycotic-containing DMEM. Approximately 100 μl of the transfection lipid Turbofectin 8.0 (Origene Technologies, MD, USA), was diluted in 1.0 mL of serum and antibiotic/antimycotic-free OptiMEM in a sterile 15 mL tube and incubated for 5 mins at room temperature. Following incubation, approximately 10-20 μg of plasmid DNA expressing the gene of interest (for example: pCMV6-XL4:Homo sapiens melanocortin 5 receptor (Origene Technologies, MD, USA)) was diluted into the transfection mix and incubated for a further 30 mins at room temperature. The DNA/lipid solution was then added drop-wise to the media covering the cells while rocking the flask gently. 24 hrs post-transfection, the cells were passaged and seeded directly into two, 75 cm² flasks and left to recover. 48 hrs post transfection, cells were harvested for use in assays with cell dissociation solution.

Cyclic-Adenosine Monophosphate [cAMP] Stimulation Assay:

HEK 293 cells transiently expressing the melanocortin MC5 receptor were suspended in stimulation buffer (Hanks buffered saline solution (HBSS), 0.1% bovine serum albumin, protease inhibitors and 0.5 mM 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) at 4×10⁶ cells/mL. 5 μl of cells, plus the compounds/peptides as described below, were added to wells of a 384-well plate as soon as possible after resuspension.

To detect antagonist activity, test compounds at varying concentrations were diluted in stimulation buffer at four times concentrate and 2.5 μl was added to wells containing cells. 2.5 μl of a four times required concentration of NDP-MSH or alpha-MSH was added to all wells containing compounds. Negative control wells contained two times concentrated NDP-MSH or alpha-MSH alone without compound.

To detect agonist activity, test compounds at varying concentrations were diluted in stimulation buffer at two times concentrate and 5 μl was added to wells containing cells. Positive control wells contained NDP-MSH or alpha-MSH alone (no compound) at two times concentrate

Basal level (of cAMP) control wells contained stimulation buffer only (no agonist or compounds). Known concentrations of cAMP (standards) in stimulation buffer were included on the plate, but no cells were added to these wells. The plate was then incubated for 30 mins at 37° C. with gentle shaking. After incubation, 10 μl of lysis buffer (10% Tween 20, 1 M HEPES, 0.1% BSA, protease inhibitors, ddH₂O) was added to all wells to be measured. Detection of cAMP was then achieved using the Alphascreen cAMP kit (Perkin Elmer, USA), briefly described as follows. A dilution of 10 μl acceptor beads/mL of lysis buffer was prepared in low light conditions. 5 μl of diluted acceptor beads were added to each well to be measured, then the plate was incubated for 30 mins at room temperature, in the dark, with gentle shaking. In low light conditions, donor beads were diluted at 10 μl/mL of lysis buffer, to which 0.75 μl biotinylated cAMP/mL of lysis buffer was added. This mixture was allowed to incubate for 30 mins at room temperature (in the dark) before proceeding with the assay. Following incubation, 5 μl/mL of biotinylated cAMP/Donor bead mix were added per well in low light conditions and the plate was incubated in the dark, at room temperature, for a further hr. Plates were read on an Envision plate reader (Perkin Elmer) after 1 hr and ˜16 hrs incubation. cAMP concentration in the cells was determined by the use of a ‘standard curve’ generated from the output of known cAMP concentrations as described below.

Each assay plate contained a “standard curve” of known concentrations of cAMP, in 10 fold dilutions. This is an essential part of the assay as there is high inter-plate variability. The plates were read on an Envision multilabel plate reader fitted with Alphascreen technology and the raw data was imported into GraphPad Prism 4 software (GraphPad, USA) for analysis. A curve was fitted to the known concentrations using non-linear regression, specifically using a sigmoidal dose-response equation (Y=Bottom+(Bottom+(Top-Bottom)/1+10^(logEC50-X)), where the equation shows the response as a function of the logarithm of concentration. X is the logarithm of peptide/compound concentration and Y is the response. Also considered in this equation are bottom plateau, top plateau of the curve and EC₅₀ (effective concentration, 50%)

Example 110 Activity of Selected Compounds: hMC5R

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested for agonism or antagonism of the hMC5R, as in Example 109, results are listed in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Agonism and Antagonism of hMC5 by Selected Compounds human MC5R EC₅₀ human MC5R IC₅₀ (cAMP, agonism) (cAMP, antagonism of 10⁻⁶ M Cpd. (nM) alpha-MSH) (nM) 105 >10000 400 64 >10000 70 33 >10000 190 348 >10000 94

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The details of specific embodiments described in this invention are not to be construed as limitations. Various equivalents and modifications may be made without departing from the essence and scope of this invention, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are part of this invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of treating or controlling a melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R)-associated condition selected from one or more conditions of the group consisting of acne, seborrhea, and seborrheic dermatitis, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (Ib):

wherein Y is CH₂; X is —C(═O)—; Z is —(CH₂)_(q)—; r is 0 or 1; q is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of (a) optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈ aryl wherein the C₆-C₁₈ aryl is phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl; (b) optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈ heteroaryl wherein the C₁-C₁₈ heteroaryl is indol-2-yl, indol-3-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, isoquinolin-3-yl, quinoxaline-2-yl, benzo[b]furan-2-yl, benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl, benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl, thiazole-4-yl, benzimidazole-5-yl, benzotriazol-5-yl, furan-2-yl, benzo[d]thiazole-6-yl, pyrazole-1-yl, pyrazole-4-yl or thiophen-2-yl; and (c) optionally substituted alkenyl of the formula:

wherein R^(1c) is optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈ aryl wherein the C₆-C₁₈ aryl is selected from phenyl and naphthyl; R² is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³ is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₂alkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆ aryl, OR²⁰, and OCR¹⁷R¹⁸R²⁰; R^(5a) and R^(5b) are each H; R⁶ and R⁸ are each independently H, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, isopropenyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethylpropyl, butyl, 2-methylbutyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted C₁-C₅ heteroaryl, wherein the C₁-C₅ heteroaryl is thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, or tetrazole; R⁷ is H; each of R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R²⁰ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, C(CH₃)₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl, or a halogenated derivative thereof; and wherein each optional substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, OH, OCH₃, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, NH₂, and CN; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the condition is acne and wherein the mammal is a human.
 3. The method according to claim 1 wherein R⁴ is optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl.
 4. The method according to claim 1 wherein R⁴ is C₁-C₁₂ alkyl.
 5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is selected from the group consisting of: N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenyiethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenyiethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acryiamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isopentyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yll)methyl)-2-haphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-hexyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isobutyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; and 3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is N-(((3S,5S)-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 11. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 12. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 13. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 14. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-Amethyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 16. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isopentyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 17. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is selected from the group consisting of: 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-hexyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isobutyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide, represented by the formula

3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide, represented by the formula

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 18. A method of reducing sebum secretion comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (Ib):

wherein Y is CH₂; X is —C(═O)—; Z is —(CH₂)_(q)—; r is 0 or 1; q is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of (a) optionally subsituted C₆-C₁₈ aryl wherein the C₆-C₁₈ aryl is phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl; (b) optionally substituted C₁-C₁₈ heteroaryl wherein the C₁-C₁₈ heteroaryl is indol-2-yl, indol-3-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, isoquinolin-3-yl, quinoxaline-2-yl, benzo[b]furan-2-yl, benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl, benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl, thiazole-4-yl, benzimidazole-5-yl, benzotriazol-5-yl, furan-2-yl, benzo[d]thiazole-6-yl, pyrazole-1-yl, pyrazole-4-yl or thiophen-2-yl; and (c) optionally substituted alkenyl of the formula:

wherein R^(1c) is optionally substituted C₆-C₁₈ aryl wherein the C₆-C₁₈ aryl is selected from phenyl and naphthyl; R² is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl; R³ is H or C₁-C₆ alkyl; R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, optionally substituted C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆ aryl, OR²⁰, and OCR¹⁷R¹⁸R²⁰; R^(5a) and R^(5b) are each H; R⁶ and R⁸ are each independently H, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, isopropyl, isopropenyl, propyl, 2-ethyl-propyl, 3,3-dimethylpropyl, butyl, 2-methylbutyl, isobutyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or optionally substituted C₁-C₅ heteroaryl, wherein the C₁-C₅ heteroaryl is thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, or tetrazole; R⁷ is H; each of R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R²⁰ is selected from the group consisting of H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, C(CH₃)₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl, or a halogenated derivative thereof; and wherein each optional substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, OH, OCH₃, CF₃, OCF₃, NO₂, NH₂, and CN, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 19. The method according to claim 18 wherein the compound of formula (Ib) is selected from the group consisting of: N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methy)-2-naphthamide; (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-3-phenethyl-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; (E)-N-(((3S,5S)-3-benzyl-1-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-butyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isopentyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbuty)-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-hexyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-6-chloro-2-naphthamide; 6-chloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-isobutyl-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)-2-naphthamide; and 3,4-dichloro-N-(((3S,5S)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxo-1-((S)-2-phenylbutyl)-1,4-diazepan-5-yl)methyl)benzamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 